1. Clicker Questions
Exploring Psychology, 10th Edition by David G. Myers & C. Nathan DeWall
Slides by Laura Beavin Haider, Ph.D.
Modules 19-21: Learning

2. Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning
Module 19

3. 1. In classical conditioning, which is an originally irrelevant stimulus that becomes associated and triggers a learned response?
A. Unconditioned response (UR)
B. Unconditioned stimulus (US)
C. Conditioned response (CR)
D. Conditioned stimulus (CS)

4. 1. In classical conditioning, which is an originally irrelevant stimulus that becomes associated and triggers a learned response? ANSWER
A. Unconditioned response (UR)
B. Unconditioned stimulus (US)
C. Conditioned response (CR)
D. Conditioned stimulus (CS)

5. 2. The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a similar response is called:
A. generalization.
B. spontaneous recovery.
C. higher-order conditioning.
D. discrimination.

6. 2. The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a similar response is called: ANSWER
A. generalization.
B. spontaneous recovery.
C. higher-order conditioning.
D. discrimination.

7. 3. Sequia learned that when an emergency bell rang in school, there was a fire. For the last two years there has been no fire when the bell rang, so Sequia stopped jumping out of her seat to evacuate. This is an example of:
A. acquisition.
B. higher-order conditioning.
C. extinction.
D. spontaneous recovery.

8. 3. Sequia learned that when an emergency bell rang in school, there was a fire. For the last two years there has been no fire when the bell rang, so Sequia stopped jumping out of her seat to evacuate. This is an example of: ANSWER
A. acquisition.
B. higher-order conditioning.
C. extinction.
D. spontaneous recovery.

9. Operant Conditioning
Module 20

10. 4. Which is FALSE in regards to the law of effect?
A. Rewarded behavior is more likely to recur.
B. Punished behavior is less likely to recur.
C. Reinforcers work the same for all recipients.
D. Reinforcers vary with circumstances.

11. 4. Which is FALSE in regards to the law of effect? ANSWER
A. Rewarded behavior is more likely to recur.
B. Punished behavior is less likely to recur.
C. Reinforcers work the same for all recipients.
D. Reinforcers vary with circumstances.

12. 5. Which reinforcement schedule reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed?
A. Fixed-interval
B. Fixed-ratio
C. Variable-interval
D. Variable-ratio

13. 5. Which reinforcement schedule reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed? ANSWER
A. Fixed-interval
B. Fixed-ratio
C. Variable-interval
D. Variable-ratio

14. 6. Which of the following is FALSE regarding physical punishment?
A. Punished behavior is forgotten.
B. Punishment teaches discrimination among situations.
C. Punishment can teach fear.
D. Physical punishment may increase aggression.

15. 6. Which of the following is FALSE regarding physical punishment
6. Which of the following is FALSE regarding physical punishment? ANSWER
A. Punished behavior is forgotten.
B. Punishment teaches discrimination among situations.
C. Punishment can teach fear.
D. Physical punishment may increase aggression.

16. 7. Administering something that is undesired is called:
A. positive reinforcement.
B. negative reinforcement.
C. positive punishment.
D. negative punishment.

17. 7. Administering something that is undesired is called: ANSWER
A. positive reinforcement.
B. negative reinforcement.
C. positive punishment.
D. negative punishment.

18. 8. Ferdinand wants to lose 10 pounds through exercise
8. Ferdinand wants to lose 10 pounds through exercise. After losing a pound each week, he rewards himself with a new workout outfit to keep him moving towards his goal. This would be an example of:
A. extinction.
B. discrimination
C. generalization.
D. shaping.

19. 8. Ferdinand wants to lose 10 pounds through exercise
8. Ferdinand wants to lose 10 pounds through exercise. After losing a pound each week, he rewards himself with a new workout outfit to keep him moving towards his goal. This would be an example of: ANSWER
A. extinction.
B. discrimination
C. generalization.
D. shaping.

20. 9. Terrence gets caught sneaking out of the house at night past his curfew. His parents take away his car privileges for a month. This is an example of:
A. positive punishment.
B. negative punishment.
C. positive reinforcement.
D. negative reinforcement.

21. 9. Terrence gets caught sneaking out of the house at night past his curfew. His parents take away his car privileges for a month. This is an example of: ANSWER
A. positive punishment.
B. negative punishment.
C. positive reinforcement.
D. negative reinforcement.

22. Biology, Cognition, and Learning
Module 21

23. 10. Which of the following represents a limit for both classical and operant conditioning?
A. Both types of conditioning are susceptible to order effects.
B. Both types of conditioning are limited by biological constraints.
C. Neither type of conditioning applies to a variety of organisms.
D. Neither type of conditioning is based on adaptive behavior.

24. 10. Which of the following represents a limit for both classical and operant conditioning? ANSWER
A. Both types of conditioning are susceptible to order effects.
B. Both types of conditioning are limited by biological constraints.
C. Neither type of conditioning applies to a variety of organisms.
D. Neither type of conditioning is based on adaptive behavior.

25. 11. A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment is called (a/an):
A. observational learning.
B. modeling.
C. latent learning.
D. cognitive map.

26. 11. A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment is called (a/an): ANSWER
A. observational learning.
B. modeling.
C. latent learning.
D. cognitive map.

27. 12. The desire to perform a behavior effectively for it’s own sake is called:
A. observational learning.
B. extrinsic motivation.
C. latent learning.
D. intrinsic motivation.

28. 12. The desire to perform a behavior effectively for it’s own sake is called: ANSWER
A. observational learning.
B. extrinsic motivation.
C. latent learning.
D. intrinsic motivation.

29. 13. Mirror neurons may provide a basis for:
A. imitation.
B. observational learning.
C. empathy.
D. all of the above.

30. 13. Mirror neurons may provide a basis for: ANSWER
A. imitation.
B. observational learning.
C. empathy.
D. all of the above.

31. 14. Jordan follows a mentor at an after-school program and begins to feel compassionate toward less privileged children at his own school. This change occurred due to:
A. extrinsic motivation.
B. latent learning.
C. observational learning.
D. operant conditioning.

32. 14. Jordan follows a mentor at an after-school program and begins to feel compassionate toward less privileged children at his own school. This change occurred due to: ANSWER
A. extrinsic motivation.
B. latent learning.
C. observational learning.
D. operant conditioning.

33. 15. Gertrude watches her aunt change a flat tire on their car
15. Gertrude watches her aunt change a flat tire on their car. A month later, Gertrude has a flat and is surprised that she recalls how to change the tire. This is an example of (a):
A. extrinsic motivation.
B. latent learning.
C. cognitive map.
D. prosocial behavior.

34. 15. Gertrude watches her aunt change a flat tire on their car
15. Gertrude watches her aunt change a flat tire on their car. A month later, Gertrude has a flat and is surprised that she recalls how to change the tire. This is an example of (a): ANSWER
A. extrinsic motivation.
B. latent learning.
C. cognitive map.
D. prosocial behavior.