1. UNIT º ESO
GOOD HEALTH

2. VOCABULARY. Medical Science
Cause (N/V)
Operation
Clone(N/V)
Prevent
Cure (N/V)
Prevention
Develop
Research (N/V)
Development
Suffer
Discover
Suffering
Discovery
Transplant (N/V)
Experiment (N/V)
Treat
Operate
Treatment

3. VOCABULARY. Phrasal verbs. Health and lifestyle
Build up
Work out
Cut down on
Get over
Give up
Go without
Put off
Sort out
Take up

4. SER CAPAZ DE (ANY TENSE) ARREGLARSELAS PARA… (it implies an effort)
MODAL VERBS
You must learn their meaning and you will know how to use them
CAN
COULD
BE ABLE TO + INFINITIVE
MANAGED TO
MAY/MIGHT
MUST
HAVE TO
SHOULD /OUGHT TO
PODER (PRESENT)
PODER (PAST)
SER CAPAZ DE (ANY TENSE)
ARREGLARSELAS PARA… (it implies an effort)
PUEDE QUE …
DEBER(PRESENT)
TENER QUE
DEBERÍA

5. RULES 1. FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE / BASE FORM VERB
I can GO out tonigh because I passed all my exams
She is able to PLAY the guitar
You shouldn’t SMOKE, it’s dangerous
2. THEY DON’T CHANGE (No “s”, “ed”, “ing”)
I/we/She CAN’T sleep
3. NO AUXILIARIES (No “do”, “does”, “did”)
I CAN’T sleep. CAN you sleep?
What SHOULD YOU do? You SHOULDN’T smoke
EXCEPTION
I’M able to do that / She IS able to do that ….
I HAVE to wake up early/ She HAS to wake up early
EXCEPTION
I MANAGED to finish the work but you DIDN’T MANAGE to finish it . DID Diana MANAGE to finish it on time?
DO you HAVE to go to the gym? No, I HAVE to eat more vegetables and I DON’T HAVE to eat chocolate.
She HAS to study more, she DOESN’T HAVE to make a new exam. DOES she HAVE to study at home?
I HAD to buy a new car but I DIDN’T HAVE to buy a new house I’M able to do that / She IS able to do that ….
I HAVE to wake up early/ She HAS to wake up early

6. COULD – MANAGED TO – CAN – WILL BE ABLE TO
They all mean the same PODER – SABER HACER ALGO – TENER LA HABILIDAD DE HACER ALGO…. But you are going to use them in different situations and tenses Student’s book page 23 activity 5

7. COULD – MANAGED TO – CAN – WILL BE ABLE TO
1…….GENERAL ABILITY IN THE PAST
2 ……. SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENT IN THE PAST
3 ………PRESENT ABILITY
4 …… FUTURE ABILITY
PODIA………
COULD………
LOGRÉ/ME LAS ARREGLÉ PARA………
MANAGED TO / COULD………
PUEDO/SE ………
CAN / AM-IS-ARE ABLE TO………
WILL BE ABLE TO………
SERÉ CAPAZ/PODRÉ………

8. ABILITY/ PERMISSION ( CAN/COULD/BE ABLE TO/MANAGED TO)
CAN: present
You CAN go to the party because you passed all your exams
I can speak English now
COULD : past
I couldn’t speak it when I was 10
WILL BE ABLE TO: future
I CAN drive a car but I COULDN’T drive when I was 18
You WILL BE ABLE TO drive a car in a future
MANAGED TO: something possible but suggesting some difficulty ( climb a mountain/ pass an exam…)
I was studying for 6 years and finally I MANAGED TO get my degree

9. POSIBILITY AND CERTAINTY MAY/MIGHT/COULD/MUST/CAN’T
POSSIBILITY (COULD / MAY (not) and MIGHT (not) )
She is late, it’s 24:00 and she hasn’t arrived yet. She MAY /COULD be lost
I MAY go to Madrid this weekend, I’m not very sure about it
CERTAINTY (MUST / CAN’T)
Have you seen that boy over there? He MAY be Raquel’s brother. I saw them holding hands he CAN’T be her brother, he MUST be her husband
MAY ( puede que)
CAN’T ( no puede…)
MUST ( debe)
STUDENT’S BOOK PAGE 25 ACTIVITY 8

10. Can/ can’t - must / mustn’t
They are use to talk about deductions, I mean to say that something is true or impossible
If I introduce you this man as my brother (my twin brother) what would you say?
He can’t be your brother
It must be a joke / It has to be a joke
It must be a google image
DEDUCTIONS

11. Now if I introduce you this other man as my brother, what would you say now?
DEDUCTIONS
He can’t be your brother ( YOU HAVE NOTHING IN COMMON)
He must be your brother (YOU ARE LIKE TWO PEAS ON A POT)
It must be a google image

12. PAST MODALS : POSSIBILITY AND CERTAINTY
MAY (not) / MIGHT (n’t) / COULD + HAVE + participle
MUST / CAN’T + HAVE + participle
They can be used to talk about the past

13. PAST MODALS : POSSIBILITY AND CERTAINTY
MAY (not) / MIGHT (n’t) / COULD + HAVE + participle . To say that something possibly happened, but we aren’t certain
Manuel may have been sick this holiday (PUEDE QUE HAYA ESTADO)
MUST + HAVE + participle . To say we are sure something happened
You must have slept a lot because you look great!
CAN’T + HAVE + participle . To say we are sure something didn’t happen
Manuel can’t have travelled to NY because he has lost his passport (NO PUEDE HABER VIAJADO)
Student’s book page 27 activity

14. ADVICE AND OBLIGATION SHOULD / MUST / HAVE TO
PROHIBITION
MUSTN’T
SOMETHING THAT IS NOT NECESSARY OR OBLIGATION
DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO
ADVICE
SHOULD
Student’s book page 7 activity 10

15. OBLIGATIONS Must /Have to
MUST + infinitive
To talk about the feelings of the speaker, or written rules
I MUST go to the doctor because I’m feeling bad, I think I MUST stop smoking too
You MUST go to school, it’s the law
HAVE TO + infinitive
Obligations that other people have put in place (laws)
You HAVE TO pay me the money you owe me
She can go to the cinema but she HAS TO come back at 22:00
REMEMBER MUST is not used in questions, we use HAVE TO
Do you have to wear uniform in your school?
Remember HAVE TO is an irregular modal verb

16. NO OBLIGATION / NOT NECESSARY
PROHIBITION
MUSTN’T
You MUSTN’T USE the mobile phone in the school
NO OBLIGATION / NOT NECESSARY
(DON’T HAVE TO/ DOESN’T HAVE TO) (DON’T NEED TO)
You DON’T HAVE TO bring me a present from your trip
She DOESN’T HAVE TO call a taxi , I can drive her home
You have an exam next week but you DON’T NEED TO study, it ‘s just a listening test
We are having a party on Saturday and she DOESN’T NEED TO bring anything we have already bought everything

17. ADVICE You SHOULDN’T smoke
You SHOULD eat less junk food and more healthy food

18. My doctor says I have to stop smoking
In my school we must wear uniform / have to wear uniform
To drive a car you have to be / must be over eighteen, that’s the law
You have to be / must be over eighteen to drink alcohol too
What other rules do you know? Do you follow them?

19. Think about these situations and create a sentence using modals.
1. We are going to Paris for a weekend. (Make suggestions about things to do)
We could visit the Louvre / We should go up the Eiffel Tower
2. We start school in September. (Talk about necessity)
We have to buy a new notebook
3. Margaret is a very talented sportswoman. (Talk about ability)
She can speak 3 languages! / She is able to play the piano and the violin
4. You have just won the lottery! (Talk about possibility)
I might stop working / I may buy a new car / I can travel to New York
5. Peter has got a headache and a congested nose. (Give him some advice)
You should see a doctor / You ought to drink hot tea
6. You want to borrow your uncle’s Mercedes Benz. (Ask for permission
politely)
Can I borrow your car, please? or May I borrow your car, please?

20. Use an appropriate modal verb to compete each sentence
MAY NOT
DOESN’T HAVE TO
Owen _________________( not) do his homework because tomorrow is Saturday.
Drivers ________________ stop at a stop sign.
________________ you make a copy for me?
We _________________ leave now or we will be late.
A: ____________ I use your laptop computer? B: Of course you _______.
______________ I go to the restroom, Miss Chang?
I ________________ catch the bus this morning. My father drove me to school.
DOESN’T NEED TO
MUST
CAN/COULD
SHOULD/ HAVE TO
CAN
CAN
CAN/MAY/COULD
DIDN’T HAVE TO

21. 8. ________________ you answer the phone?
9. When I was young, I _________________ speak better English than now.
You look pale. You ____________ go to a doctor.
You have been driving for ten hours. You _______________ be exhausted.
We _______________ rent a car. My father will lend us his.
CAN/COULD
COULD/ WAS ABLE TO
SHOULD
HAVE TO/ MUST
DON’T HAVE TO

22. Choose the right modal verb
There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You ________________buy any.
It's a hospital. You ____________ smoke.
He had been working for more than 11 hours. He ____________ be tired after such hard work. He ____________ prefer to get some rest.
I ________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But Now, I ____________ just say a few things in the language.
The teacher said we ____ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. But we ____________ read it if we don't want to.
____ you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I ____.
If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you __________ to work hard.
Take an umbrella. It ________________ rain later.
You __________ leave small objects lying around . Such objects ________ be swallowed by children.
People __________________ walk on grass.
Drivers ________________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
_________ I ask a question? Yes, of course.
You _____________  take your umbrella. It is not raining.
_______ you speak Italian? No, I ____ .
DON’T HAVE TO
MUSN’T
MUST
MAY
COULD
CAN
CAN
DON’T HAVE TO
CAN
CAN’T
MUST / HAVE TO
MAY/MIGHT/COULD
CAN
SHOULDN’T
MUSN’T
MUSN
CAN
DON’T HAVE TO
CAN
CAN’T

23. ACTIVITIES

24. Choose the right modal verb
There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You ________________buy any.
It's a hospital. You ____________ smoke.
He had been working for more than 11 hours. He ____________ be tired after such hard work. He ____________ prefer to get some rest.
I ________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But Now, I ____________ just say a few things in the language.
The teacher said we ____ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. But we ____________ read it if we don't want to.
____ you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I ____.
If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you __________ to work hard.
Take an umbrella. It ________________ rain later.
You __________ leave small objects lying around . Such objects ________ be swallowed by children.
People __________________ walk on grass.
Drivers ________________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
_________ I ask a question? Yes, of course.
You _____________  take your umbrella. It is not raining.
_______ you speak Italian? No, I ____ .
DON’T HAVE TO
MUSN’T
MUST
MAY
COULD
CAN
CAN
DON’T HAVE TO
CAN
CAN’T
MUST / HAVE TO
MAY/MIGHT/COULD
CAN
SHOULDN’T
MUSN’T
MUSN
CAN
DON’T HAVE TO
CAN
CAN’T

25. You have to take some vitamins, they are good for you
Te prometo que iré al médico, no tienes que preocuparte tanto
You have to take some vitamins, they are good for you
I promise I will go and see the doctor, you don’t have to worry so much
I think your mum may have discoveres your secret. She has been phoning/ calling all the afternoon.
I can’t find my mobile (phone) I may have lost it. Have you looked for it in the car? It must have fallen down there.
You can’t have seen Mady in class yesterday because she was sick and she didn’t come to the school
El ha vivido en Nueva York durante 12 años, debe hablar muy bien inglés.
Creo que tu madre puede que haya descubierto tu secreto. Ha estado llamando toda la tarde
Tienes que tomar vitaminas, son buenas para la salud
No puedo encontrar el móvil, puede que lo haya perdido. ¿Has buscado en el coche? Debe haberse caído allí
No puedes haber visto a Mandy ayer en clase porque estaba enferma y no vino a colegio
He has lived in New York for twelve years, he must speak English very good