1. Winning the War
Ch. 11 Sec. 3

2. I. “Total War”
When a nation’s entire resources are channeled into the war effort.
All warring nations were in total war: military drafts, raised taxes, food/product rations, huge debt.

3. Total War A. Economic warfare:
British navy set up blockade around Germany.
Germany used U-boats to sink ships going to/from Britain.
May Germany sinks the “Lusitania”- a ship carrying civilians.
1200 die, including 128 Americans.
Germany stopped unrestricted submarine warfare due to U.S. pressure.

4. The sinking of the Lusitania:

5. Total War
B. Propaganda War- both sides use propaganda to control public
opinion.
C. Women join the war effort.
Women take men’s jobs, work as
nurses.
Helps women win suffrage.

6. II. Morale Collapses Nations bankrupt, troops exhausted.
A. Effect of Russian Revolution:
Allies wanted Russia to stay in the war.
Lenin signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending the war with Germany and strengthening Germany.

7. III. U.S. Declares War
In 1917:
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare to end stalemate.
Britain intercepts the Zimmerman telegraph from Germany to Mexico.
In April, U.S. enters “war to end all wars”.

8. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Jan Wilson issues this list of terms for ending the war.
Call to reduce arms, end secret treaties.
Favored self-determination for all European nations.

9. The Great War ends:
March Germany launches major offensive on the Western Front, but the U.S. helps the Allies push them back.
November 1918:
Germany surrenders.
The Kaiser flees Germany.
Austria-Hungary breaks apart.
Ottoman Empire collapses.
War officially ends Nov. 11, 1918.