1. Internet2: New Dimensions in Collaboration
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION SENIOR SCIENCE COUNCIL
Gary R. Bachula, Vice President for External Relations, Internet2
This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy.
December 13, 2001

2. Internet2 Universities 189 Universities as of December 2001
This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus.
2/2/2019

3. Internet2 Corporate Partners
3Com
AT&T
Cisco Systems
Eli Lilly
General Electric
Hitachi
IBM
Intel Corporation
Johnson and Johnson
Lucent Technologies
Marconi Communications
Microsoft
Motorola
Nortel Networks
Qwest
Pfizer
SBC Communications
Siemens
SUN Microsystems
Verizon
WorldCom
This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities.
2/2/2019

4. Internet2 Affiliate Members
Alabama Supercomputer Authority
Alliance for Higher Education
Army Systems Engineering Office
Assn. Of Univs. For Research in Astronomy
Bradley University
CERN
NOAA, NIST, NTIA – Boulder Labs
DePaul University
Desert Research Institute
EDUCAUSE
Ellemtel
ERIM
EROS Data Center (USGS)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Merit Network, Inc.
Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)
Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA)
National Institutes of Health
NOAA
National Science Foundation
New World Symphony
NYSERNet, Inc.
Southeastern Universities Research Assn
Southwest Research Institute
Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation
UCAR & NCAR
2/2/2019

5. Internet2 Mission
Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet.
This is the Internet2 mission.
2/2/2019

6. Abilene Network Core Map, October 2001
2/2/2019

7. 2/2/2019

8. Middleware
A layer of software between the network and the applications
Authentication
Identification
Authorization
Directories
Security
Middleware is a layer of software between the network and applicaitons
2/2/2019

9. Advanced Applications
Distributed computation
Virtual laboratories
Digital libraries
Distributed learning
Digital video
Tele-immersion
All of the above in combination
Advanced applications com in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet.
Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2.
2/2/2019

10. Virtual Laboratories
Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC)
University of Michigan
NSF
Here are pictures of various applications already in use:
1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research.
2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room
--These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet.
2/2/2019

11. Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Distributed nanoManipulator
This is an application which allows remote control of an electron microscope that can actually move molecules around. The application also provides “force feed-back” to the remote operator.
2/2/2019

12. Virtual Laboratories Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii
Here are pictures of various applications already in use:
1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research.
2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room
--These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet.
2/2/2019

13. Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 3-D Brain Mapping
Here are some examples of various applications already in use:
This application links an MRI machine with a supercomputer to produce 3-D visualizations of the neurons in a patient’s brain firing in real-time. The resulting animation can be viewed by any doctor that has access to high-performance networking. These capabilities transform the process of visualizing a patient’s brain—a process that normally takes days—and allows doctor’s to work in ways not previously possible.
2/2/2019

14. Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
Tele-immersion
Shared virtual reality
University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone
This is a program that allows a doctor to share a 3-D image of a complex piece of anatomy (the inner ear) with students in a way that makes teaching the anatomy much easier. By making this interactive capability available over the network, a doctor can teach students remotely.
Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
2/2/2019

15. Teaching Music with Advanced Network Videoconferencing
University of Oklahoma
Real-time interaction with the world’s foremost master teachers of music
Accurate representation of sound
Supplement to traditional music teaching
By using videoconferencing over high-performance networks, students in Oklahoma can interact, in real-time, with some of the world’s foremost master teachers of instrumental music. Music faculty have the opportunity to extend their teaching worldwide and to collaborate remotely with colleagues anywhere. Internet2 provides sufficient bandwidth and minimal network delay to allow the type of full-motion (30-frames per second) video and accurate representation of sound that make it feasible for classical musicians to collaborate from remote locations. This technology will never replace live, in-person music teaching; but serves as a supplement to the traditional music-teaching environment.
2/2/2019

16. Realistic, Life-Sized, 3D Tele-Immersion
Advanced Network & Services, Brown University, University of North Carolina, University of Pennsylvania
Brings together geographically distant participants and shared virtual objects
Tele-immersive recreation of office environment
The Tele-Immersion Project is working to bring together geographically distant participants in a realistic, tele-immersive recreation of their real environments. Project collaborators envision an Office of the Future where computer vision, networking, and computer graphics techniques are used to capture a dynamic 3D model of one office—including walls, furniture, objects, and people—and then re-create a virtual representation in a similarly-equipped remote office. The Internet2 networks offer a high-performance testbed for this research, which demands high bandwidth and low latency to support real-time interaction between remote users and shared virtual objects.
2/2/2019

18. Internet2 Health Sciences
Mary Kratz
Manager, Internet2 Health Sciences
FDA Senior Science Council December 13, 2001
December 13, 2001

19. FDA Mission: What does this mean to Internet2?
FDA's mission is to promote and protect the public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way, and monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use. Our work is a blending of law and science aimed at protecting consumers.
2/2/2019

20. Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative
IT R&D
University-led
Federal agency-led
Developing education and research driven applications
Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications
Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure
Funding research testbeds and agency research networks
Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative.
Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications
2/2/2019

21. Challenges DHHS lack of national vision in US
Critical, long-term research, technology and policy issues must be addressed
Integrated decision-support systems
Lack of expertise at nexus of health and computing/communications
IT innovation NOT a medical investment
Role and management of IT in DHHS
2/2/2019

22. Recommendations Establish pilot projects and technology centers
Scalable Information Infrastructure
Privacy legislation enacted by Congress
Establish programs to increase expertise
Outline of DHHS IT vision
DHHS senior information technology leader appointment and appropriate resources to carry vision forward
2/2/2019

23. R&D Topics Multi Center Clinical Trails Knowledge Management Biologics
Pharmaceuticals to market faster
Medical device validation
Biologics
Blood product information management
Vaccines
2/2/2019

24. Download of “The Matrix” DVD (Comparison of the Internet2 Land Speed Record)
2/2/2019

25. The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science Workgroup
includes clinical practice,
medical and related biological
research, education, and
medical awareness
in the Public.
Enigma Machine and Bombe
Armed forces have always been dependent on communications. During World War II, the German Army and Navy tried to keep their communications secret by using encryption devices called Enigma machines. These sophisticated coding devices could generate over 1 trillion different coding patterns. The Germans believed they were too sophisticated for Allied forces to break them. But in one of the best-kept secrets of the war, first the Poles, and later the British and Americans succeeded in deciphering messages. The wooden device in the foreground is a 4 rotor German Enigma machine, used for encoding. The large machine in the background is a "Bombe," used for breaking the code. Working out the details of codebreaking machines was one of the developments that fostered electronic computers.
Smithsonian Photo by Laurie Minor-Penland.
December 13, 2001

26. Roadmap Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet
National Research Council Report
Current and future Internet
Released 24 February 2000
National Academy Press
ISBN
2/2/2019

27. Challenges to Health Sciences
"The medical research revolution is happening! 
90% of data collected today will never be seen by a human eye. 
This is everyone's problem.
We must manage a growing amount of data to secure knowledge for the future." - Michael Marron, NIH
2/2/2019

28. More Internet2 Information
On the Web
For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact directly by .
2/2/2019