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Irregular Verbs play – played paint - painted
To make the past tense of a regular verb you just add -ed go buy sing But what do you do with these? goed? buyed? singed?
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Of course not. You woudn’t say ”gådde” or ”sjungde” in Swedish and you can’t say ”goed” or ”singed” in English. These verbs are irregular and you just have to learn their different forms.
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There are three basic ways irregular verbs can make their past tense forms
1) Some verbs don't change cut - cut hit - hit fit - fit 2) Some verbs change their vowel get - got sit - sat drink - drank catch - caught bring - brought go – went be - was 3) Some verbs change more than the vowel
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There are at least 470 irregular verbs in English, but there is no need for you to learn all of them
– yet. But you should know the most common ones. On the following pages you will find 137 irregular verbs divided into different groups based on how their past tense forms are formed
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Verbs that do not change
present past bid burst cast cost cut hit hurt put present past quit rid set shed shut slit split upset
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Verbs that change [i:] to [e]
present past bleed bled breed bred creep crept deal [i:] dealt [e] feed fed feel felt flee fled keep kept kneel knelt lead led present past leap [i:] leapt [e] leave left mean ment meet met read [i:] read [e] sleep slept speed sped sweep swept weep wept
![Verbs that change [i:] to [e]](http://slideplayer.com./slide/15650264/88/images/6/Verbs+that+change+%5Bi%3A%5D+to+%5Be%5D.jpg "present. past. bleed. bled. breed. bred. creep. crept. deal [i:] dealt [e] feed. fed. feel. felt. flee. fled. keep. kept. kneel. knelt. lead. led. present. past. leap [i:] leapt [e] leave. left. mean. ment. meet. met. read [i:] read [e] sleep. slept. speed. sped. sweep. swept. weep. wept.")
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Now do the first exercise
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Verbs that change i to ou
present past bind bound fight fought find found grind ground wind wound
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Verbs that change i to u present past cling clung dig dug fling flung
sling slung spin spun stick stuck sting stung strike struck swing swung wring wrung
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Verbs that change i or e to o
present past get got sell sold tell told win won
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Now do exercise 2 Exercise 2
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Verbs that get ought/aught
present past bring brought buy bought catch caught seek sought teach taught
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Verbs that change d to t present past bend bent build built lend lent
send sent
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Verbs with other changes
present past behold beheld hang hung hear [ı] heard [з] hold held light lit lose [u:] lost [ɒ] make made present past say said shine shone shoot shot sit sat slide slid spit spat stand stood
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Now do exercise 3 Exercise 3
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Verbs with two past tense forms
In Swedish verbs have two past tense forms leker – lekte – har lekt äter – åt – har ätit Most English verbs have only one past tense form play – played – has played But some have two different forms go – went – has gone
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Verbs with more than two forms
These verbs often follow certain patterns Some change their vowel from i to a and then u swim – swam – swum Others change vowel from i to o and back to i, adding –en drive – drove – driven While some seem to follow no perceptible logic at all go – went – gone
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i – a – u begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung run ran
present past simple past participle begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung run ran shrink shrank shrunk sink sank sunk spring sprang sprung stink stank stunk swim swam swum
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i – o – i-en drive drove driven ride rode ridden rise rose risen
present past simple past participle drive drove driven ride rode ridden rise rose risen stride strode stridden strive strove striven write wrote written
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vowel – o – o-(e)n bear bore born(e) * break broke broken choose chose
present past simple past participle bear bore born(e) * break broke broken choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotten speak spoke spoken steal stole stolen present past simple past participle swear swore sworn tear tore torn tread trod trodden wake woke woken wear wore worn weave wove woven * born means been given birth to in all other meanings (carry, stand etc) the past participle is borne
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Now do exercise 4 Exercise 4
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vowel – e – own blow blew blown fly flew flown grow grew grown know
present past simple past participle blow blew blown fly flew flown grow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown
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Vowel change + -en bite bit bitten eat ate eaten fall fell fallen
present past simple past participle bite bit bitten eat ate eaten fall fell fallen forbid forbade forbidden forgive forgave forgiven give gave given hide hid hidden mistake mistook mistaken shake shook shaken take took taken
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Verbs that seem to follow no pattern
present past simple past participle be was/were been beat beaten come came draw drew drawn go went gone lie lay lain prove proved proven see saw seen show showed shown slay slew slain
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Now first do exercise 5 and then exercise 6 with verbs from all groups
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