1. The Family and Human Sexuality
Chapter 13

2. Social Institutions
Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior that are centered on basic social needs.
Cultural universal

3. Functionalist View 5 major tasks Replacing personnel
Teaching new recruits
Producing and distributing goods and services
Preserving order
Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

4. Family
A set of people who are related by blood, marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship), or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.

5. Family Variations
Nuclear – a married couple and their unmarried children
Extended – a family unit that includes parents and children, as well as other kin
Accordion – composition changes based on changing circumstances

6. Marriage
A legally sanctioned relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, as well as sexual activity, and childbearing.

7. Who to Marry?
Endogamy – marriage between people of the same social category
Exogamy – refers to marriage between people of different social categories

8. How Many to Marry? Monogamy- marriage uniting two partners
Polygamy – marriage that unites three or more people
Polygyny- a man with multiple wives
Polyandry – a woman with multiple husbands
Serial monogamy – having several monogamous marriages over a lifetime

9. Courtship and Mate Selection
Aspects of Mate Selection
Incest taboo:
Homogamy: Conscious or unconscious tendency to select mate with personal characteristics similar to one’s own

10. Kinship
The state of being related to others

11. Descent
Refers to the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations

12. Descent
Patrilineal – kinship traced through father’s side of the family

13. Descent
Matrilineal – kinship traced through mother’s side of the family

14. Descent
Bilateral – kinship traced through both the father’s side and mother’s side

15. Residential Patterns
Patrilocality – living with or near the husband’s family
Matrilocality – living with or near the wife’s family
Neolocality – living separate from both families

16. Authority Patriarchy Matriarchy Egalitarian Male decision making
Female decision making
Egalitarian
Spouses are equal

17. Structural-Functional Analysis
Family performs many vital tasks
Ogburn (1934)
Reproduction
Protection
Socialization
Regulation of sexual behavior
Affection and companionship
Provision of social status

18. Conflict Analysis Family perpetuates inequality
Property and inheritance
Patriarchy
Race and ethnicity

19. Interactionist Analysis
How individuals share and experience family life
Building emotional bonds
Building a way to view the world and interact

20. Divorce Causes of divorce Individualism Romantic love subsides
Women less dependent on men
Divorce is socially acceptable
Legally easier to get

21. Figure 39-1: U.S. Households by Family Type, 1940 – 2010
Source: Bureau of the Census 2010b:Table HH1. 21

22. Alternate Family Forms
One-parent families
Cohabitation
Gay and lesbian couples
Singlehood

23. Transition to Parenthood
Little anticipatory socialization
Only limited learning during pregnancy
Transition quite abrupt
Society lacks clear and helpful guidelines for successful parenthood

24. Child-Rearing Patterns
Adoption
“Transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood” to a new legal parent or parents
Functionalist: government has a strong interest in encouraging adoption
At any given time, around half a million children in the United States are living in foster care

25. Child-Rearing Patterns
Dual-Income Families
Rise due to economic need, coupled with a desire to pursue careers

26. Child-Rearing Patterns
Single-parent families: Only one parent is present to care for children
Households headed by single fathers more than quadrupled from 1987 to 2011

27. Child-Rearing Patterns
Stepfamilies
Approximately 45% of all people in U.S. will marry, divorce, and remarry

28. Human Sexuality Sexuality not limited to physical behaviors
Includes beliefs, values, and social norms that collectively govern its expression
Way human sexuality sanctioned differs widely geographically and historically
Sexual attitudes and practices change over time

29. Human Sexuality Labeling and Human Sexuality
Definition of deviant sexual behavior varied significantly over time and from one culture to another
Social stigma of homosexuality
Transgendered persons: people whose current gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth
Transvestites: cross-dressers who wear clothing of opposite sex