1. Auxiliary verbs W.6.1.B W 6.1 D
Helping verbs

2. These three can change form, but the fourth group does not.
Auxiliary verbs
Four groups comprise the helping verb list …
To be
is, am, are, was, were, be, been, and (sometimes) being
To do
do, does, did, done, and doing
To have
has, have, had, and having
These three can change form, but the fourth group does not.

3. Auxiliary verbs Modal auxiliary verbs stay the same: can could may
might
must
ought to
shall
should
will
would

4. Auxiliary verbs
To be verbs can be linking verbs, when working by themselves, or helping (auxiliary) verbs when working with another word.
One major goal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was to find a waterway across North America. (8.1.12)
Was works by itself in this sentence, so it is a linking verb.
Is works with led in this sentence, so it is a helping verb.
The executive branch is led by the president. (8.2.2)
Are works with included in this sentence, so it is a helping verb.
Courts are included in the judicial branch. (8.2.2)

5. Auxiliary verbs
To do and to have verbs can be action verbs, when working by themselves, or helping (auxiliary) verbs when working with another word.
The designers of the Constitution included separation of powers to ensure no one government branch (executive, legislative, or judicial) had too much power. (8.2.1)
Had works by itself in this sentence, so it is an action verb.
Did works with agree in this sentence, so it is a helping verb.
President Johnson did not agree with the Radical Republicans, specifically Secretary of War Edward Stanton. (8.1.27)
Had works with adopted in this sentence, so it is a helping verb.
Although the Continental Congress had adopted the Articles of Confederation over three years earlier, it took until March 1, 1781, for the final colony to ratify it. (8.1.5)

6. can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would
Auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs are always helping (auxiliary) verbs.
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would

7. Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).

8. Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.

9. Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)

10. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

11. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
supported
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

12. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
had
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

13. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
had
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

14. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
could vote

15. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
swore
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

16. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
did bear

17. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
must be included

18. Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
could be elected
could hold
Notice not is never part of the verb – not is always an adverb.

19. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
vetoed
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

20. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
felt
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

21. Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
was
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)

22. Auxiliary verbs
Verbs can stand alone or form verb phrases with the main verb.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).
Stand-alone Verbs
(have just one word)
Supported
Had
Swore
Vetoed
Felt
was
Verb Phrases (have more than one word – and no subject)
Did bear Could vote
Must be included Could be elected
Could hold

23. Auxiliary verbs
Sometimes prepositional phrases make it difficult to find subjects and verbs; crossing out the prepositional phrases can help because it illimates incorrect possibilities.
Some politicians, including the radical Republicans, supported a more stringent plan for reconstruction, the Wade-Davis Bill. Instead of 10 percent, more than half of the population had to pledge Northern loyalty – and they had to be white. Additionally, only white men who swore they did not bear arms against the Union could vote at the state convention, ending slavery must be included in the state’s constitution, and former Confederates could not be elected or hold public office. Lincoln vetoed the bill because he felt it was too harsh. (8.1.26).