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Motion And Forces.

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Presentation on theme: "Motion And Forces."— Presentation transcript:

1 Motion And Forces

2 Describing Motion

3 Motion Occurs when an object changes position relative to a reference point.

4 What is Frame of Reference?

5 Question Explain the relationship between motion and frame of reference.

6 Distance how far an object has traveled Displacement distance and direction of an objects change in position from starting point Distance Vs. Displacement

7 Question Mrs. Linwood takes her cat, Paul, for a walk for 27 minutes and travels 1.89 Km East. What is their average velocity in meters per second?

8 Speed – the distance an object travels per unit time – rate of change
in position Speed Avg Speed (v) = total distance (d)/total time (t) V = d/t

9 Speed at any given point in time
Type of Speed Description Example INSRANTANEOUS Speed at any given point in time Driving a car and looking down at speedometer AVERAGE Total distance traveled divided by total time Taking a road trip CONSTANT Speed that does not vary Putting car in cruise control

10 Graphing Motion The slope of a line on a distance – time graph gives the speed of an object in motion. Y DISTANCE Motion of an object can be plotted on a distance – time graph. X TIME X axis -> TIME Y axis -> DISTANCE

11 Did You Learn? That speed and velocity are not the same thing.
What a frame reference is?

12 Acceleration

13 Velocity – includes speed of an object and the direction of its motion What is the difference between speed & velocity? Velocity includes direction where as speed does not.

14 Acceleration – rate of chance of velocity
Acceleration – rate of chance of velocity. Acceleration occurs when an object changes speed, its direction, or both.

15 Calculating Acceleration
Acceleration (meters/second²) = change in velocity (meters/sec) Time (seconds) * NOTE : Change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocity v= Vf - Vi Acceleration formula : a=Vf – Vi t Calculating Acceleration

16 Positive Acceleration
A plane takes off… a = Vf – Vi = 80m/s – Om/s t s a = 4m/s² The plane is speeding up so acceleration is positive.

17 Negative Acceleration
A bike comes to a stop… a = Vf – Vi = 0m/s – 3m/s t s a = -1.5m/s The bike is slowing down so acceleration is negative.

18 Motion And Forces

19 Force — a push or pull applied to an object.

20 Net Force – When two or more forces act on an object at the same time
FORCES ARE = BALANCED FORCES NET FORCE = 0 FORCES UNBALANCED NET FORCE = + COMBINED FORCES NET FORCE = TWO FORCES ADDED TOGETHER

21 Friction – the force that opposes the sliding motion of two touching surfaces. Friction is caused by microscopic bumps on surfaces called microwelds.

22 TYPE OF FRICTION DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE STATIC Friction in which two surfaces are not moving past each other. PUSHING A FRIDGE ACROSS A FLOOR SLIDING Friction where two surfaces slide past one another. SLEDDING DOWN A HILL ROLLING Friction between a rolling object and surface it rolls on. SKATEBOARD MOVING ON GROUND FLUID Friction when object moves through fluid, meaning either a liquid or gas SKYDIVING Air Resistance – friction – like force that opposes motion of objects that move through air – depends on speed, size & shape of object

23 Newton’s Laws Of Motion

24 Newton’s First Law of Motion
Also known as Law of Inertia! An object in motion stays in motion, or an object at rest stays at rest until an unbalanced net force acts upon it.

25 Inertia – tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.
WILL STAY AT REST UNTIL FORCE ACTS IN IT GRAVITY FRICTION WILL CONTINUE IN MOTION UNTIL THESE FORCES ACT ON IT WALL

26 Force = mass x acceleration
Newton’s Second Law of Motion A net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force. Acceleration is determined by size of force and the mass of an object. (Kg * m/s²) (kg) (m/s²) Force = mass x acceleration F = m x a

27 Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every action (or force), there is an equal and opposite reaction (or force). Momentum – property of moving object resulting from its mass and velocity. ACTION REACTION Momentum (p) = mass x velocity

28 Gravity

29 Gravity – any two masses that exert an attractive force on each other.
Gravity depends on mass & distance between objects Weight – gravitational force exerted on an object; measured in units called Newtons The greater the object mass, the stronger the gravitational force on it

30 A projectile follows a curved path and has:
Projectile Motion Projectile – anything that is thrown or shot through air A projectile follows a curved path and has: and V E R T I C A L Motion perpendicular to Earth’s Surface MOTION Horizontal Motion Motion parallel to Earth’s surface

31 Centripetal Force Centripetal acceleration – acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path “centripetal” means toward the center Centripetal force – force acting toward the center of a curved or circular path


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