1. Personal Pronouns

2. 1st Person Pronouns

3. 1st Person Pronouns – Singular
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

4. 1st Person Pronouns – Singular
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
egō I
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

5. 1st Person Pronouns – Singular
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
egō I
Gen.
meī
of me
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

6. 1st Person Pronouns – Singular
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
egō I
Gen.
meī
of me
Dat.
mihi
to/for me
Acc.
Abl.

7. 1st Person Pronouns – Singular
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
egō I
Gen.
meī
of me
Dat.
mihi
to/for me
Acc. mē me
Abl.

8. 1st Person Pronouns – Singular
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
egō I
Gen.
meī
of me
Dat.
mihi
to/for me
Acc. mē me
Abl.
bwf me

9. 1st Person Pronouns – Plural
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

10. 1st Person Pronouns – Plural
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
nōs we
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

11. 1st Person Pronouns – Plural
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
nōs we
Gen.
nostrī, nostrum
of us
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

12. 1st Person Pronouns – Plural
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
nōs we
Gen.
nostrī, nostrum
of us
Dat.
nōbīs
to/for us
Acc.
Abl.

13. 1st Person Pronouns – Plural
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
nōs we
Gen.
nostrī, nostrum
of us
Dat.
nōbīs
to/for us
Acc. us
Abl.

14. 1st Person Pronouns – Plural
the first person pronoun (I, me, we, us) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
nōs we
Gen.
nostrī, nostrum
of us
Dat.
nōbīs
to/for us
Acc. us
Abl.
bwf us

15. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

16. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

17. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

18. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

19. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
nostrum has a special use we’ll learn later
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

20. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
nostrum has a special use we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
Abl.

21. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
nostrum has a special use we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.

22. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
nostrum has a special use we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.
used normally in various uses of the ablative, with one exception

23. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
nostrum has a special use we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.
used normally in various uses of the ablative, with one exception
when used as an abl. of accompaniment, the cum becomes a suffix attached to the end of the word, e.g.:

24. Syntax/Use of the 1st Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus & noster to show poss.
nostrum has a special use we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.
used normally in various uses of the ablative, with one exception
when used as an abl. of accompaniment, the cum becomes a suffix attached to the end of the word, e.g.:
mēcum/nōbīscum (NOT cum mē or cum nobīs)

25. Predicate Accusative

26. Predicate Accusative
another use of the acc. case is the predicate accusative
similar to the pred. nom. in that it provides more information or describes another word in the sentence
pred. nom. describes the subject nominative
pred. acc. describes the accusative direct object
pred. acc. will come after the acc. direct object
predicate accusative is used with verbs of making, naming, choosing, calling, or appointing, e.g.:
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to call
appellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to name
dēligō, dēligere, dēlēgī, dēlectus: to choose

27. Predicate Accusative
E.G.:
Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.

28. Predicate Accusative
E.G.:
Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.

29. Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
The man and woman name their son Marcus.
Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocant.

30. Predicate Accusative E.G.: Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
The man and woman name their son Marcus.
Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocant.
Soldiers call their leader a commander.

31. Predicate Accusative
N.B.:
in the passive voice, these verbs (naming, calling, etc.) will take a predicate nominative, e.g.:
Fīlius ā virō fēmināque Mārcus appellātur.
The son is called Marcus by the man and woman.
Dux ā mīlitibus imperātor vocātur.
A leader is called commander by his soldiers.

32. 2nd Person Pronouns

33. 2nd Person Pronouns – Singular
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

34. 2nd Person Pronouns – Singular
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom. tū
you
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

35. 2nd Person Pronouns – Singular
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom. tū
you
Gen.
tuī
of you
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

36. 2nd Person Pronouns – Singular
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom. tū
you
Gen.
tuī
of you
Dat.
tibi
to/for you
Acc.
Abl.

37. 2nd Person Pronouns – Singular
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom. tū
you
Gen.
tuī
of you
Dat.
tibi
to/for you
Acc. tē
Abl.

38. 2nd Person Pronouns – Singular
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the singular:
Latin
English
Nom. tū
you
Gen.
tuī
of you
Dat.
tibi
to/for you
Acc. tē
Abl.
bwf you

39. 2nd Person Pronouns – Plural
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

40. 2nd Person Pronouns – Plural
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
vōs
you (pl.)
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

41. 2nd Person Pronouns – Plural
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
vōs
you (pl.)
Gen.
vestrī, vestrum
of you (pl.)
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

42. 2nd Person Pronouns – Plural
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
vōs
you (pl.)
Gen.
vestrī, vestrum
of you (pl.)
Dat.
vōbīs
to/for you (pl.)
Acc.
Abl.

43. 2nd Person Pronouns – Plural
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
vōs
you (pl.)
Gen.
vestrī, vestrum
of you (pl.)
Dat.
vōbīs
to/for you (pl.)
Acc.
Abl.

44. 2nd Person Pronouns – Plural
the second person pronoun (you) has the following forms in the plural:
Latin
English
Nom.
vōs
you (pl.)
Gen.
vestrī, vestrum
of you (pl.)
Dat.
vōbīs
to/for you (pl.)
Acc.
Abl.
bwf you (pl.)

45. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

46. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

47. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

48. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus, noster, tuus, vester to show poss.
nostrum & vestrum have special uses we’ll learn later
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

49. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus, noster, tuus, vester to show poss.
nostrum & vestrum have special uses we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
Abl.

50. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus, noster, tuus, vester to show poss.
nostrum & vestrum have special uses we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.

51. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus, noster, tuus, vester to show poss.
nostrum & vestrum have special uses we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.
used normally in various uses of the ablative, with one exception

52. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus, noster, tuus, vester to show poss.
nostrum & vestrum have special uses we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.
used normally in various uses of the ablative, with one exception
when used as an abl. of accompaniment, the cum becomes a suffix attached to the end of the word, e.g.:

53. Syntax/Use of the 1st/2nd Person Pronouns
Case
Notes
Nom.
infrequently used, except for emphasis or in long sentences to inform the reader of the subject when the verb is far away
Gen.
meī/nostrī & tuī/vestrī are used as objective gen., NEVER possession
we use the adj. meus, noster, tuus, vester to show poss.
nostrum & vestrum have special uses we’ll learn later
Dat.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the dative
Acc.
nothing special; used in the various uses of the accusative
Abl.
used normally in various uses of the ablative, with one exception
when used as an abl. of accompaniment, the cum becomes a suffix attached to the end of the word, e.g.:
- mēcum/nōbīscum & tēcum/vōbīscum (NOT cum mē, etc.)

54. Accusative of Extent of Space

55. Accusative of Extent of Space
the idea of “how far” is expressed in Latin by the accusative case
this is called the accusative of extent of space
answers the question “how far?”
no preposition is used with this use of the acc.
translate using ”for” in Engl.

56. Accusative of Extent of Space
e.g.:
Mīlle passūs cucurrit.
He ran a mile.
Domus mea est vīgintī pedēs ā vīllā tuā.
My house is twenty feet from your farmhouse.

57. Accusative of Duration of Time
the amount of time during which an action takes place is expressed in Latin by the accusative case
this is called the accusative of duration of time
answers the question “for how long?”
no preposition is used with this use of the acc.
translated “for __________”

58. Accusative of Duration of Time
e.g.:
In urbe quīnque annōs mānsimus.
We stayed in the city for five years.
Agricolae in tabernā multās horās sedēbant.
The farmers were sitting in the tavern for many hours.

59. Personal Pronouns: 3rd Person

60. 3rd Person Pronouns

61. 3rd Person Pronouns is ea id
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The singular forms are:
SINGULAR
Translation M F N
Nom. is ea id
he, she, it
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

62. 3rd Person Pronouns is ea id eius
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The singular forms are:
SINGULAR
Translation M F N
Nom. is ea id
he, she, it
Gen.
eius
of him/her/it
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

63. 3rd Person Pronouns is ea id eius eī
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The singular forms are:
SINGULAR
Translation M F N
Nom. is ea id
he, she, it
Gen.
eius
of him/her/it
Dat. eī
to/for him/her/it
Acc.
Abl.

64. 3rd Person Pronouns is ea id eius eī eum eam
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The singular forms are:
SINGULAR
Translation M F N
Nom. is ea id
he, she, it
Gen.
eius
of him/her/it
Dat. eī
to/for him/her/it
Acc.
eum
eam
him/her/it
Abl.

65. 3rd Person Pronouns is ea id eius eī eum eam eō eā
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The singular forms are:
SINGULAR
Translation M F N
Nom. is ea id
he, she, it
Gen.
eius
of him/her/it
Dat. eī
to/for him/her/it
Acc.
eum
eam
him/her/it
Abl. eō eā
bwiof him/her/it

66. 3rd Person Pronouns
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The plural forms are:
PLURAL
Translation M F N
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

67. 3rd Person Pronouns eī eae ea
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The plural forms are:
PLURAL
Translation M F N
Nom. eī
eae ea
they
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

68. 3rd Person Pronouns eī eae ea eōrum eārum
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The plural forms are:
PLURAL
Translation M F N
Nom. eī
eae ea
they
Gen.
eōrum
eārum
of them
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

69. 3rd Person Pronouns eī eae ea eōrum eārum eīs
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The plural forms are:
PLURAL
Translation M F N
Nom. eī
eae ea
they
Gen.
eōrum
eārum
of them
Dat.
eīs
to/for them
Acc.
Abl.

70. 3rd Person Pronouns eī eae ea eōrum eārum eīs eōs eās
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The plural forms are:
PLURAL
Translation M F N
Nom. eī
eae ea
they
Gen.
eōrum
eārum
of them
Dat.
eīs
to/for them
Acc.
eōs
eās
them
Abl.

71. 3rd Person Pronouns eī eae ea eōrum eārum eīs eōs eās
Latin has no distinct 3rd person pronoun, instead it uses the demonstrative is, ea, id to stand in for it
The plural forms are:
PLURAL
Translation M F N
Nom. eī
eae ea
they
Gen.
eōrum
eārum
of them
Dat.
eīs
to/for them
Acc.
eōs
eās
them
Abl.
bwiof them

72. Syntax/Use of the 3rd Person Pronoun
Agreement of Pronouns
the noun for which a pronoun stands is called its antecedent
a pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number
the case of a pronoun depends on how it’s being used
Vīdī Iūlium et eī librum dedī.
I saw Julius (acc., sg. masc.) and gave him (dat., sg. masc.) a book.
Discipulōs convocābō et ad ludum cum eīs ambulābō.
I shall summon the students (acc., pl. masc.) and walk to school with them (abl., pl., masc.).