1. Do Now
What are the three Cultures that impacted the development of the Western Europe
What were the effects of the Germanic invasion?
What were some of Clovis Significant contribution during his reign?
Explain the Spread of Islam. Identify the countries in which Islam emerged.
What was the Battle of Tours? And who was responsible for bring the war to a halt.
Who was Charlemagne and list all his contributions?
Explain Feudalism System ( Elaborate)

2. The Role of the Church
in the Middle Ages

3. Identify – St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas,Gothic Cathedrals.
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Students will explore the power and authority the Pope and church had in political and daily matters in the Middle Ages.
Key Terms: Pope, bishop, parish priest, monk, nun, monastery, secular, relics, pilgrim, tithe, sacraments, interdict, and excommunication.
Identify – St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas,Gothic Cathedrals.

4. The Canaletto Knights above.
Churches in the Middle Ages
Churches in the Middle Ages
As Rome fell, the role of the church played an ever more important role in people’s lives during the Middle Ages.
Church authority expanded and was absolute.
The Canaletto Knights above.

5. Church Leaders Church Leaders
There were 2 Christian scholars who impacted the culture of the Middle Ages,
St. Augustine, and
St. Thomas Aquinas.
St. Augustine wrote “The City of God,” and in it he argued that only God’s kingdom will last forever.
St. Augustine wrote that no empire, even Rome, could last forever, but God’s kingdom does.

6. Church Leaders Church Leaders
St. Augustine’s views led people in this era to follow, without question, the authority of the church to make sure that they would enter the “City of God” or an eternal heaven.

7. Church Leaders Church Leaders
St. Thomas Aquinas wrote the Summa Theologica that summarized the beliefs of Christians.
Aquinas also reconciled the works of Greek scholars like Aristotle, with the teachings of the church.

8. Church Leaders Church Leaders
St. Thomas Aquinas wrote about “natural law” – the belief that we can reason and evaluate whether a law is just or unjust.
Aquinas argued that a ruler’s power came from God, but he felt his power came from God through the people.

9. Wrote: Impact: St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas Church Leaders

10. Churches in the Middle Ages
Organization, order and a church power structure or hierarchy were firmly established.

11. Church Hierarchy
Church Hierarchy

12. Pope Gregory I – He increased the power of the Pope.
Church Hierarchy
Church Hierarchy
The Pope was the head of the church. The only church was the Roman Catholic Church.
Cardinals were the chief advisers to the Pope, while parish priests dealt with local peasants.
Pope Gregory I – He increased the power of the Pope.

13. Pope Gregory I or Gregory the Great.
The Pope and the Middle Ages
The Pope and the Middle Ages
The Pope was the guardian of the spiritual lives for all Christians.
He was a political leader, and a secular or worldly power during this era.
Pope Gregory I or Gregory the Great.

14. Pope and his grandsons - Titian
The Pope and the Middle Ages
The Pope and the Middle Ages
The Pope raised armies, held church courts, fought in battles, hired artists, fixed roads, arranged marriages and influenced treaties made by kings.
Pope and his grandsons - Titian

15. A good example of this would be Charlemagne pictured here to the left.
The Pope and the Middle Ages
The Pope and the Middle Ages
A king who secured the blessing of the Pope carried a great deal of influence with the common people he ruled.
A good example of this would be Charlemagne pictured here to the left.

16. Church Leaders Church Leaders
Several diocese joined together were governed by an Archbishop.
A local diocese was controlled by a bishop.
The local parish priest was the church official who dealt with the common people on a daily basis.

17. Monks were respected and admired in the Middle Ages.
Monasteries
Monasteries
St. Benedict established the 1st community or monastery of monks who lived apart from society in Italy.
Monks were respected and admired in the Middle Ages.
Monastery (plural: monasteries), a term derived from the Greek word μοναστήριον (monastērion, from μονάζειν "to live alone:),[1] denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer (e.g. an oratory) as well as the domestic quarters and workplace(s) of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone (hermits).
St. Benedict above.

18. Church Leaders Church Leaders
Monk – a man who separated himself from society and devoted his life to God.
Nun – women who withdrew from society to pursue a life of service to God.
Hildegard von Bingen above

19. Monasteries became centers of learning.
Monasteries housed monks who provided schools, hospitals and places to stay for travelers.
Monasteries became centers of learning.
Monastery (plural: monasteries), a term derived from the Greek word μοναστήριον (monastērion, from μονάζειν "to live alone:),[1] denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer (e.g. an oratory) as well as the domestic quarters and workplace(s) of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone (hermits).
“At the monastery gate” by Waldmuller

20. Reliquary that holds the “Chains of St. Peter.”
Monasteries
Monasteries
People made pilgrimages to monasteries. They were called pilgrims.
For a price, they could view or purchase holy relics.
A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial.
Reliquary that holds the “Chains of St. Peter.”

21. Monk working in a scriptoria above.
Monasteries
Monasteries
Monastery life - monks prayed, ate, worked, slept and worshipped together.
In the scriptoria, monks studied and copied books.
Monk working in a scriptoria above.

22. Churches in the Middle Ages Churches in the Middle Ages
In the 1100’s a new style of architecture was practiced that allowed for vaulted ceilings, stained glass windows, and lots of light. This style was called the Gothic style of architecture.
Gothic Cathedral

23. Churches in the Middle Ages Churches in the Middle Ages
Gothic Cathedrals – buttressed arches, stained glass windows, high ceilings, meant to allow light to shine through, creating the illusion of heaven’s light.

24. Gothic Cathedrals Chartres Cathedral (about 1913).
Churches in the Middle Ages
Churches in the Middle Ages
Gothic Cathedrals Chartres Cathedral (about 1913).

25. Noble Family
It is important to remember that during the Middle Ages, wealthy families bought positions for their sons in the church, in the government, and in the military.

26. Peasants working their master’s fields.
People of the Middle Ages
People of the Middle Ages
Most peasants or serfs were unable to read or write.
There were no printed copies of the Bible.
People trusted and believed in their church officials.
Peasants working their master’s fields.

27. Church Wealth
Church Wealth
People were required to tithe 10% of their income to the church. Peasants were to work church lands one day a week.

28. Church Problems Church Problems Simony – selling of church positions.
Worldliness – John Huss and John Wycliff accused church officials of living in a worldly fashion.
Most of the church officials had never read the Bible. They simply saw their position as a job.

29. Church Sacraments
Church Sacraments
People believed that if they did not receive the following sacraments, then their souls were in danger.
Baptism, penance, (confession of sins) , communion, marriage, last rites.
Ornate pictures like the one above, graced many churches during the Middle Ages.

30. Church Justice
Church Justice
Secular Law – laws from the worldly or civil government.
Canon Law – church law
Excommunication – denied salvation and cut off from the church.

31. Church Justice
Church Justice
Interdict – If a king continued to argue with the Pope, no sacraments or religious services would be allowed in that country.

32. Church and Holy Roman Empire Clash Church and Holy Roman Empire Clash
Lay Investiture – the King was allowed to make church appointments. (Officials like bishops in the church).
1075 AD Pope Gregory VII banned the practice of Lay Investiture. He claimed the church should appoint its own officials.

33. Church and Holy Roman Empire Clash Church and Holy Roman Empire Clash
Henry IV was furious….the Pope excommunicated him. The king asked for forgiveness and backed down.
Concordant of Worms – Church would appoint Bishops, but Emperors were allowed to veto appointments.

34. A Knight Templar on Crusade.
Churches in the Middle Ages
Churches in the Middle Ages
The Great Schism, Spanish Inquisition, the Crusades, the Black Death, and ultimately the Protestant Reformation, began to limit the power of the church.
These events caused the church to lose a good deal of authority and power.
A Knight Templar on Crusade.