1. Lessons 29-30 Adjectives Used As Nouns Pluperfect (Past Perfect) Tense Future Perfect Tense
Dec. 9-15, 2014

2. Adjectives Used As Nouns

3. Adjectives Used As Nouns
Sometimes adjectives are used as nouns in Latin.
This happens occasionally in English, too!
Why do the good die young?
(Why do the good people die young?)

4. Adjectives Used As Nouns
In Latin, any adjective can be used as a noun.
Bonus, bona, bonum
the good man
the good woman
the good thing

5. Adjectives Used As Nouns
You can decline them, make them plural, etc.
BonI, bonae, bona
the good men
the good women
the good things

6. Perfect Tense Pluperfect (Past Perfect) Tense Future Perfect Tense
Perfect System Tenses
Perfect Tense
Pluperfect (Past Perfect) Tense
Future Perfect Tense

7. The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
duco
ducere
duxi
doctus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
duxi
- i =
dux

8. Perfect Active Tense i imus istis isti erunt it
The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings
Singular
Plural
First Person i I
imus we
istis
Second Person
isti
you
you
he, she, it
erunt
they
Third Person it
Perfect Active Endings

9. Perfect Active dux i dux imus dux istis dux isti dux dux erunt it
First Person
dux i
I led I have led I did lead
dux
imus
We led We have led We did lead
You led You have led You did lead
Second
Person
dux
istis
dux
isti
You led You have led You did lead
Third Person
dux it
dux
erunt
They led They have led They did lead
He led He has led He did lead
Perfect Active

10. Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense
had
-ERA-
had
-ERA-
had
had
had
-ERA-

11. E. Rat HAD the flu last winter.

12. Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense
had
-ERA-
had
-ERA-
had
had
had
-ERA-

13. Past Perfect/Pluperfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem
+ era
+ Personal Endings
I had led
dux
era m
You had led
dux
era s
He had led
dux
era t
dux
era
mus
We had led
dux
era
tis
You had led nt
dux
They had led
era

14. Future Perfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem
+ eri
+ Present Endings
Pluperfect Active
dux er o
I will have led
dux
eri s
You will have led
dux
eri t
He will have led
dux
eri
mus
We will have led
You will have led
dux
eri
tis
They will have led
dux
eri nt