1. Circulatory System

2. The Circulatory System
Purpose:
to deliver and remove substances from every cell in the body.
Substances Delivered to the Cells
oxygen and food(nutrients)
like mail carriers
Substances Removed from the Cells
carbon dioxide and chemical waste (urea, excess salt and excess water)
like trash collectors

3. Functions of Circulatory System
1. Deliver oxygen and food to the body cells.
2. Remove carbon dioxide and waste from the body cells.
3. Provide defense against foreign invaders
4. Acts as a chemical messenger between organs.
5. Maintains HOMEOSTASIS

4. Do Now
List the 5 functions of the circulatory system

5. Heart Facts … Is an organ made of cardiac muscle tissue.
Is about the size of your fist and is located in the center of your chest.
Works as a pump; 5 liters of blood/min, 1800 gallons of blood per day!

7. This means it has two parts.
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.
Lungs
Body cells
the right side of the system
deals with deoxygenated blood.
(Oxygen Poor)
the left side of the system
deals with oxygenated blood.
(Oxygen Rich)

8. How does this system work?
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
head & arms
aorta
main vein
Right
Left
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
Circulatory System

9. now lets look inside the heart
This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs.
These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.
Right and Left Atrium
Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply
Right and left ventricles
The heart has four chambers
now lets look inside the heart

10. 1 9 5 6 7 3 8 4
Septum 10 2

11. The Heart
Artery to Lungs
Artery to Head and Body
Vein from Head and Body
Vein from Lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve
valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Septum- wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart

12. Chambers (Sections) of the Heart -Heart is divided into a right and left side
Chamber Location Receives blood from: Pumps blood to:
Right
Atrium
Upper
Chamber
The Body
Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Lower Chamber
Lungs
Left
Upper Chamber
Lower

13. blood from the lungs blood from the body How does the Heart work?
STEP ONE
blood from the body
blood from the lungs
The heart beat begins when the
heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the right and left atrium.

14. How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO
The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.

15. The cycle then repeats itself.
How does the Heart work?
STEP THREE
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.

18. The Amazing Double Pump
Why is the
Heart called
A double pump?

19. Do Now
List the pathway taken by blood through the heart starting at the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Include the NAMES of all veins and arteries.

21. Three pathways of Circulation
1. Pulmonary (lungs) Circulation: Blood to and from the lungs.
2. Systemic Circulation: Blood to and from the body cells.
3. Coronary circulation: Blood to and from the heart muscle.

22. Three Pathways
Pulmonary
Pulmonary
Systemic
Systemic
Coronary

23. blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b VEIN
c CAPILLARY

24. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibers allow the artery to stretch under pressure
thick muscle and elastic fibers
the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.

25. Veins carry blood towards the heart.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.
Veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction.
thin muscle and elastic fibers
Body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.

27. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
They exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

28. Do Now List the five functions of the circulatory system
List the three pathways of circulation (and what each one flows through)
List the three types of blood vessels
Try not to use your notes!!!!

29. Capillary Bed: Where veins and arteries
Meet. Capillary walls are only 1 cell
Thick. Why?

30. Only 1 blood cell passes through the capillary at a time.
The capillary wall is so thin that the oxygen diffuses right through to the cells. O2 O2 O2
Oxygen
CO2

31. what’s in BLOOD digested food red blood cells white blood cells oxygen
waste (urea)
platelets
carbon dioxide
hormones
plasma

32. Blood Blood makes up about 7% of your body's weight.
An average adult has about 14 to 18 pints of blood.
One standard unit or pint of blood equals about two cups.
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all of the body.
Blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for disposal.

33. The Blood
white blood cell
red blood cell
plasma
platelets

34. Red Blood Cells
Contains hemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.
Also contains iron.
a red disc that is round and flat without a nucleus
can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.

35. Hemoglobin Hemoglobin binds to and carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin contains iron.
Each red blood cell contains about 250 million hemoglobin molecules 

36. Hemoglobin

37. White Blood Cells Defense System
They are very large and contain a big nucleus.
Defense System
White blood cells seek out and destroy invaders such as bacteria and viruses.

38. Platelets Platelets are bits of cells broken off larger cells.
Platelets make fibrin which is a substance that makes blood clot.
The platelets form a net where blood cells get caught in.

39. Plasma The liquid part of blood.
95% of plasma is water, 5% is dissolved nutrients, proteins, and hormones.
55% of the blood is plasma
Plasma’s job is to carry the blood cells and other nutrients.

40. Do Now
Describe the 4 main parts of blood

41. Blood Type
Everyone is born with a certain blood type that is inherited from your parents.
Blood type is determined by a protein marker on the red blood cell.
These proteins are called antigens.

42. Which is the universal receiver? Donor?
Blood Types
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Which is the universal receiver? Donor?

43. Can your blood be given to someone else?
Yes, only if it is the blood type matches.
What would happen if the blood type does NOT match?

44. Antigen: Antibody: Distinctive protein on the pathogen (bad guy)
Protein that sticks to the antigen (made by WBCs in your body)

45. Every cell has a unique antigen
Antigens

46. Antibodies Recognize Antigens
White blood cells make antibodies.
Antibodies stick to pathogens.
White blood cells eat pathogens.
White
Blood Cell
Antibody

47. WBC

48. Every cell has a unique antigen
You do not make antibodies against your own antigens!
Antibody
Antigens

49. Inside Your Body…
Flu Virus
Your stomach cell

50. Some transplants are rejected by the body.
Your heart muscle cell
Heart Transplant Cell
Some transplants are rejected by the body.

51. A Red Blood Cell from donated blood
Your Red Blood Cell
Some blood transfusions are rejected by the body.

52. Do Now Define Antigen Define Antibody
Describe the relationship between the two

53. 4 Blood Types
A has a “A” antigen marker
B has a “B” antigen

54. O has no antigen marker
What does AB blood type have?
Both A and B antigens.

56. Fill in the chart below:
Blood Type
Types it can receive
Types it can donate to
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O

57. Rh Factor Rh factor in blood is inherited
With the Rh factor = Rh+
Without the Rh factor = Rh-
Rh- cannot receive blood from Rh+
Will form antibodies against the Rh+ blood

58. Mama Drama What may happen?
Sometimes a Mother can have Rh- blood and her baby can have Rh+ blood
What may happen?

59. To solve this issue the mother gets an injection at 28 weeks of pregnancy and immediately after the birth since there can still be blood exchange
Prevents the mother from producing antibodies against the Rh+ (babies) blood

60. B

61. Safe Transfusions Blood Type Has Antibodies: Will Attack: Can Accept:AB O

62. Blood Transfusion Game http://nobelprize

63. SUMMARY copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
away
muscular
towards
capillaries
plasma
oxygen
platelets