1. SSUSH18

2. 18a. Describe Roosevelt’s attempts at relief, recovery, and reform reflected in various New Deal programs.

3. The New Deal
1932—Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) defeated Hoover in a landslide election
2-term governor of New York who improved conditions there
Distant cousin of Teddy, married Teddy’s niece Eleanor

4. The New Deal
Promised the government would take an active role in providing relief to the poor and fixing the economy
“When you get to the end of your rope, tie a knot and hang on.”
~Franklin D. Roosevelt~
“Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.” 1st Inaugural Address, 1933
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

5. fools like me, but God, I think,
The New Deal
The New Deal were programs to fix the problems of the Depression
Goals: Relief, Recovery, Reform
FDR introduced his programs to the public in radio addresses known as “fireside chats”
Made people feel connected to FDR, reduced fear (kept phone lines to the White House open to the public—guaranteed assistance from the president or a member of his staff)
“I think that we shall 
never see a president 
like unto thee . . . 
poems are made by 
fools like me, but God, I think, 
made Franklin D.”
Poem sent to FDR in 1936

6. The New Deal
1—Relief: stop the economy from falling further, aid the poor and unemployed with their basic needs
Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) [Bank Holiday]—closed all banks to stop the panic; only stable ones would reopen
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)—gave cash to those in need and created jobs
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)—gave men aged jobs in federal building and environmental projects

7. The New Deal
2—Recovery: stimulate economy by creating jobs, improve businesses and farms, increase consumer spending
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)—decrease supply of farm products to raise prices and improve conditions for farmers
Works Progress Administration: (WPA)—created jobs building
schools and public works projects
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)— created jobs, electric power plants, and flood control in one of the poorest areas of the nation

8. The New Deal
3—Reform: fix financial institutions and prevent future economic disasters
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)— insures bank accounts up to a certain amount ($250,000 today)
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)— guaranteed workers right to
strike, protect against unfair labor practices
Also set up National Labor Relations Board to handle reports of unfair practices
Shows government support for labor over business

9. 18b. Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the second New Deal.

10. The Second New Deal
Second New Deal ( ) aimed at giving more aid to the needy and creating long term reforms
Economy was still in crisis
The government went into deficit spending—spending
more than they collected in
taxes
Included programs such as the WPA, Wagner Act, the REA, and Social Security

11. The Second New Deal The Social Security Act (SSA):
Supplemental income / old age insurance for retirees 65 and older
Aid to families with dependent children or the disabled
Established unemployment compensation for workers who lost their jobs

12. The Second New Deal Rural Electrification Administration (REA):
1930’s—90% in urban areas had electricity, compared to only 10% in rural areas
Utility companies said it would be too expensive to string power lines to isolated farms
FDR believed the government should help

13. The Second New Deal
Paid for through cooperative electric power companies (like our HEMC)
1939—25% in rural areas had electricity; rose to 90% by 1950
Farmers could now purchase electrical appliances, etc., which helped improve standard of living and improved business sales

14. 18d. Examine how Eleanor Roosevelt changed the role of the First Lady including development of New Deal programs to aid those in need.

15. Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR’s wife, Eleanor, changed the role of the First Lady more than any other
Took an active role in assisting the president and supporting programs
Traveled across the US and reported to FDR the conditions she saw
—wrote newspaper column, “My Day” giving her opinions on a variety of issues (until her death)

16. Eleanor Roosevelt
Encouraged FDR to expand programs and add new ones to help even more people
Focused on helping women, African Americans, youth, and other minorities
Supported programs for artists and writers

17. Eleanor Roosevelt
Fought for humanitarian causes, social progress, women and minority rights, even after leaving the White House
Convinced FDR to appoint more women to government positions
One of the most active First Ladies
Frances Perkins
1st woman in the cabinet

18. 18c. Analyze political challenges to Roosevelt’s leadership and New Deal Programs.

19. Opposition to the New Deal
New Deal programs expanded the role of the government
Critics said they made the government too large and powerful
Others said they were socialist programs contrary to American ideals
Some said they didn’t do enough to end the Depression

20. Opposition to the New Deal
The Court Packing Scheme:
Supreme Court said some of the programs were unconstitutional
FDR proposed adding 6 new justices to the Court (which he would appoint)
His attempt to control the Court to prevent them from ending his programs was not approved

21. Opposition to the New Deal
FDR critics and supporters saw this as overstepping his presidential power
Threat to checks and balances
Supreme Court is an independent branch not under presidential control
FDR was eventually able to appoint 7 justices to the court because of retirements, resignations, or deaths on the court

22. Opposition to the New Deal
Senator Huey Long
Opponent of FDR and the New Deal
Ran for president under a redistribution of the wealth platform, making many fear he would rule as a dictator
Communist slogans such as “Share the Wealth” and “Every Man a King”
Assassinated in 1935

23. Opposition to the New Deal
Issues in Europe:
FDR opposed aggression by dictators like Adolf Hitler, but lacked public and congressional support for intervention
1937—Neutrality Acts said US would remain isolationist / neutral
Would not sell war materials or give loans to nations at war
1939—FDR asked Congress to end the acts when World War II broke out, but they refused (until 1940)

24. Opposition to the New Deal
The New Deal did not end the Great Depression (only helped ease conditions)
Ended when US entered World War II in December 1941
FDR signs a declaration of war against the Empire of Japan