1. Parenthetical Citation
What do we mean by this?
The writer of a paper must give credit to the source of information in the body of the paper.
This is sometimes referred to as
IN-TEXT citations

2. Parenthetical or IN-TEXT Citation
Gibaldi says, a list of Works Cited (at the end of a paper) is important, but it does not provide sufficient detail (238).
Brief references in parentheses within the body of a paper allow readers to locate complete information about the sources in that list (“Language Network” 455).
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2003.
Language Network: Grammar, Writing, Communication. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007.

3. What kinds of things do you credit?
What to Credit…
What kinds of things do you credit?
Each time you directly quote someone
Each time you paraphrase someone else’s words
Anything that is not your own original thought/idea

4. What doesn’t need to be credited?
What NOT to credit…
What doesn’t need to be credited?
Commonly known Information
Dates of birth, death, etc. that are a matter of public record
Facts stated or corroborated in more than one source
Your own original ideas

5. Rules Use only information needed to identify a source
author’s last name, first few words of title, page number, etc.
Place where pause naturally occurs
Place as near as possible to material being documented
Place inside the punctuation mark
…..(Wright).
Should not interrupt the text

6. Some Examples In-Text Citation
Coughing is caused by postnasal drip (Smith).
FMS occurs in specific body areas (Chaitow)
Clark said using in-text citations will make or break your grade (Clark)
Works Cited
Chaitow, Tom. Fibromayalgia [Online]
Clark, Casey. Personal Interview. 27 January 2009.
Smith, Alvin. “Coughing.” Time. 20 March 1999: Proquest Online. 2 March 2000.

7. Direct Relationship with Works Cited
In-Text Citation
“Coughing is caused by postnasal drip” (Smith 22).
“FMS occurs in specific body areas” (Chaitow 12).
“Clark suggests that using in-text citations will make or break your grade” (138).
Works Cited
Chaitow, Tom. Fibromayalgia [Online]
Clark, Casey. Personal Interview. 27 January 2009.
Smith, Alvin. “Coughing.” Time. 20 March 1999: Proquest Online. 2 March 2000.

8. Works Cited Help…
Citationmachine.net
Easybib.com
Noddle Tools

9. Works Cited page will… Be the last page of the essay
Have a header but not a heading
Be alphabetized
NOT be an annotated bibliography – delete the annotations
Have hanging indents

10. Works Cited
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2003.
Language Network: Grammar, Writing, Communication. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007.