1. Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
Analyze Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
BT06.04

2. Emerging Infectious Diseases
Have not occurred in humans before
Have occurred previously but affected only small numbers
Or have occurred throughout human history, but only recently recognized as disease due to infectious agent
EX: H. Pylori- can cause stomach ulcer and cancer; requires vit. B6 to establish and maintain infection. This finding along w/identification of the enzyme the microbe requires to utilize the vitamin, could lead to a new class of antibiotics.

3. Globally, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death, and are the 3rd leading cause of death in the US.

4. Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
Once were major health problems globally or in a particular country, then declined dramatically, but are again becoming health problems for a significant proportion of the population
EX: Pertusis

5. Emerging ex: & contributing factors
Ebola- recognized in 1977
Legionnaire- 1977, from cooling and plumbing systems
Lyme- 1982, conditions favoring tick vector and deer
AIDS- 1983, migration to cities, global travel, transfusions, organ transplants, IV drug use, sharing needles, multiple sex partners
Cholera- 1992, new strain of bacteria
SARS-2003

6. Re-emerging ex: & contributing fx
Tb- evolution (mutate) of causative bacteria, drug resistance, immuno compromised patient (HIV)
Malaria- drug resistance & favorable conditions for mosquito’s (Hurricaine)
Pertussis- refusal to vaccinate, decreased vaccine efficacy (? Relation to Autism), Immigrants
Rubeola- refusal or failure to vaccinate, or no follow up for subsequent vaccines
Yellow Fever-insecticide resistance, urbanization, civil strife (unrest)

7. Epidemic
An outbreak of a disease or illness that spreads rapidly among individuals in an area or population at the same time EX: flu

8. Pandemic
 An epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.
EX: