1. Turn in Homework
Please turn in the homework reading questions that were due for last week (Week 8) on the schedule.
Before we begin peer review, we will go over the grammar concepts we missed from last week.

2. Adjectives: Help with Details and Descriptions
Consider the following sentence:
“The dog jumped on the man.”
What does the dog look like in your mind’s eye?
What does the man look like?
Do you think your mental picture is the same as the one the person next to you has? Why or why not?

3. Adjectives – pages
The sentence on the previous slide was missing adjectives.
An Adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. They answer the questions “What kind?” “Which one?” and “How many?”
Our original sentence could be rewritten:
“The small, white, shaggy dog jumped on the tall, serious man.”
Which words tell us more about the dog? Which words tell us more about the man?
Adjectives are said to modify or describe the nouns they tell us more about. (So “small” modifies “dog” in our rewritten sentence, for example.)

4. Where can I put an adjective in a sentence?
Adjectives can be placed in two different locations.
Location 1: Before the word the adjective is modifying.
Examples:
Angry man
Green car
Late bus
Location 2: After a linking verb.
Example: The woman is brave. (“brace” modifies “woman.”)
Example: The cat is orange. (“orange” modifies “cat”)

5. Two More Rules About Adjectives
“Good” is an adjective. Only use it when you are describing a noun or pronoun.
Example: “He sings good.” This is incorrect because “good” is modifying “sings,” which is not a noun or pronoun. The correct sentence is “He sings well.”
When adjectives occur in a list, try reading the list with “and” in between each of the adjectives. If the “and” sounds natural, you need a comma. If the “and” does not sound natural, you do not need a comma.
Example: He is a retired English teacher. (“He is a retired AND English teacher” sounds strange, so there is no comma.)
Example: It was a gray, cloudy day yesterday. (“Gray AND cloudy” sounds natural, so you need a comma.)

6. Comparatives and Superlatives
Many adjectives have two additional forms that help us to make comparisons.
The comparative form compares two people or things to each other.
Example: Joan is smarter than her sister is.
To make a comparative adjective:
For words of one or two syllables, add –er to the base of the adjective.
For words with three or more syllables, put the word “more” before the base adjective.
Example: “The house was more beautiful after it had been remodeled.”
NEVER use “more” and the –er ending at the same time.
I am more smarter than the person who wrote this sentence.

7. Superlatives -
A superlative adjective singles out one individual from a group of three or more.
He is the slowest runner on the team.
To make a superlative adjective:
For words of one or two syllables, add –est to the base of the adjective.
For words with three or more syllables, put the word “most” before the base adjective.
Ex: “That was the most delicious meal I have ever eaten.”
Once again, NEVER use the word “most” and the –est ending at the same time.

8. Practice with Adjectives:
Using only adjectives to make your changes, rewrite sentences 1-5 on page 182.
Work with a partner to come up with two different ways to revise each sentence, therefore creating two different descriptions!

9. Adverbs
An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
The track star runs quickly. (“quickly” modifies the verb “runs”)
The pie is extremely hot. (“extremely” modifies the adjective “hot”)
The dog barks very loudly. (“very” modifies the adverb “loudly,” and “loudly” modifies the verb “barks”)
Adverbs answer: How? When? Where? How often? To what extent? (How much?)
Example of adverbs’ usefulness:
“The girl smiled.”
This is a sentence that could use some adverbs. How did the girl smile? Shyly? Sneakily? Happily? Falsely? Slyly? Genuinely?
Notice that many (but not all) adverbs end in –ly.

10. Rules for Adverbs
See page of Pathways for further explanation of these rules.
Adverbs can be placed almost anywhere in a sentence, as long as the meaning of the sentence remains clear.
Carefully, the students performed the experiment.
The students carefully performed the experiment.
The students performed the experiment carefully.
Notice that adverbs only need to be followed by a comma when they occur at the beginning of a sentence.
You can learn even more about adjectives and adverbs by reading page in your Pathways textbook!

11. Practice with Adverbs:
Using only adverbs to make your changes, rewrite sentences 1-5 on page 186.
Work with a partner to come up with two different ways to revise each sentence, telling two different versions of the event!

12. Misplaced Modifiers – pages 247-249
Sometimes, modifiers are placed incorrectly in a sentence and create confusion.
Incorrect: I told him I was going to dance in the recital while sitting on the plane.
Correct: While I was sitting on the plane, I told him I was going to dance in the recital.

13. Dangling Modifiers – pages 247-249
Some modifiers are missing a word to modify completely. They are not connected to any part of the sentence, so they are “dangling.”
Example: While watching the children, the electricity went out.
What word in the sentence tells us who was watching the children? None of them. This is a dangling modifier.
Correction: While I was watching the children, the electricity went out. (added “I was” to make a dependent clause.

14. Two Ways to Fix a Dangling Modifier:
1. Make the modifier into a dependent clause, complete with a subject and a verb.
Incorrect: While running down the street, a fire engine came around the corner.
Correct: While he was running down the street, a fire engine came around the corner.
2. Add a word for the modifier to describe and change the order of the sentence as necessary.
Incorrect: While playing the game, the window was broken.
Correct: While playing the game, the kids broke the window.

15. Practice:
Rewrite sentences 1-5 on p. 249 to correct misplaced and dangling modifiers.
Identify the source of the confusion.
Move the modifier to a less confusing place or add the needed information.

16. Break Time! When we return, we will immediately begin Peer Review.
Please do not be late!
We will begin again in 15 minutes EXACTLY.