1. BENCHMARK 2 – US History II
6. a through 9.d: World War II to the present

2. 6.a: Transportation, Communication, Electrification
HENRY FORD – ASSEMBLY LINE
THE WRIGHT BROTHERS AIRPLANE
THOMAS EDISON
ELECTRIFICATION: STREET LIGHTS
COMMUNICATION: PHONOGRAPH

3. ASSEMBLY LINE
PRICES GO DOWN BECAUSE CARS CAN BE MADE FASTER; COST LESS TO PRODUCE SO THE AUTO MAKERS CAN CHARGE LESS AND STILL MAKE A PROFIT; MORE PEOPLE CAN AFFORD CARS.

4. 21st Amendment Ends Prohibition
6.b: Prohibition
18th Amendment makes it ILLEGAL to make, transport, or sell alcohol
RESULTS OF PROHIBITION
bootleggers
Organized crime
21st Amendment Ends Prohibition

5. REASONS FOR GREAT MIGRATION
6.b: Great Migration
Violence against African Americans
Discrimination
Low paying jobs
REASONS FOR GREAT MIGRATION

6. 6.c: ART, LITERATURE, AND MUSIC FROM THE 1920s & 1930s
O’Keeffe
Art
Fitzgerald
Jazz Age
John Steinbeck – Difficult life of migrant workers
Copland & Gershwin-Music

7. 6.c: Harlem Renaissance THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Langston Hughes-Literature
Jacob Lawrence-Art
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Bessie Smith-Blues Singer
What do they have in common?
Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong-Composers & Musicians

8. 6.d: The Great Depression
CAUSES OF GREAT DEPRESSION
IMPACTS:
People over-speculated on stock; purchased them with borrowed money [Stock Market Crash]
Federal Reserves poor monetary policies cause collapse of banking system
High tariffs (taxes) discourage trade
Americans had too much debt from buying good on installment plans (a form of credit)
Many banks and businesses fail and closed down
1/4 (25%) of workers without jobs
Large number of people hungry and homeless
Farmer’s incomes fell to low levels

9. 6.d Great Depression Visuals
Homeless & Hungry
Stock Market Crash
Banks and businesses close
25% out of work
Farmers lose income

10. Unemployment reached 25% by 1933 during the Great Depression
WHAT DOES THE GRAPH SHOW?
Unemployment reached 25% by 1933 during the Great Depression

11. 6.d: FDRs New Deal
President Franklin Roosevelt creates the New Deal to help America out of the Great Depression
SOCIAL SECURITY:
Workers made payments from their paychecks that went into a fund to provide retirement money after age 65.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT: Conservation program that changed the American landscape
FARM ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS:
Gave low-interest loans to farmers to buy equipment to improve their business.
LABOR RIGHTS:
Set a minimum wage, gave protection to workers who wanted to form unions, as well as those who
did not.
FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS: Gave 10 million Americans jobs in public works such as bridges,
dams, road, and schools.

12. Worldwide depression Rise of Fascism German war debt
7.a: Causes & effects leading to American involvement in WWII; including Pearl Harbor
Worldwide depression
Rise of Fascism
German war debt
US tries to stay neutral/isolationism
Lend Lease Policy: US trades Great Britain war supplies for military bases in the Caribbean
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor – US gets involved

13. 7.a: Pearl Harbor US ENTERS WWII
Japanese are responsible for the attack of the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – December 7, 1941
US ENTERS WWII

14. 7.a: The Players Allied Powers Axis Powers United States Great Britain
Canada
Soviet Union
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan

15. 7.a: Allied Powers – Democratic Leaders
USA = Franklin Roosevelt
Great Britain = Winston Churchill
Soviet Union = Josef Stalin

16. MAP OF ALLIED COUNTRIES
GREAT BRITAIN
CANADA
USA
SOVIET UNION

17. 7.a: Axis Powers – Fascist Leaders
Germany = Adolf Hitler
Italy = Benito Mussolini
Japan = Hideki Tojo

18. MAP OF AXIS COUNTRIES
GERMANY
ITALY
JAPAN

19. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Germany invades Soviet Union
7.b: Cause & Effects of American involvement in WWII; Major events & turning points
Cause
Effect/Result
Germany invades Poland
Sets off war in Europe
Germany invades France
Germany captures Paris (capital city)
Germany bombs London, England
Battle of Britain Begins
US gives war supplies to Great Britain
(LEND LEASE POLICY)
In return, Britain allows US to build military bases in Bermuda & Caribbean
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
1. Germany declares war on US
2. US declares war on Japan & Germany
Battle of Midway
1. US victory over Japan
2. Turning point in the war in the Pacific
Germany invades Soviet Union
1. Soviet Union defeats Germany at Stalingrad
2. Turning point in Eastern Europe ( )

20. (Germany had officially surrendered in May 1945)
7.b: Cause & Effects of American involvement in WWII; Major events & turning points
Cause
Effect/Result
American & Allied troops land in Normandy, France: D-Day Invasion
Allies begin to liberate/free Western Europe; freeing concentration camps (June 1944)
US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japan: Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and
Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)
Forces Japan to surrender: Sept. 1945
(Germany had officially surrendered in May 1945)
ENDS THE WAR

21. 7.b: The Holocaust
Tactics (methods) used by Hitler & Nazis to rid Europe of Jews
Boycott of Jewish stores/businesses
Discriminatory Laws
Ghettos
Segregation
Imprisonment & mass murder of Jews and others in concentration camps/gas chambers

22. 7.c: Impact of WWII on American Homefront
Rosie the Riveter
Japanese Americans held in
Interment Camps until end of WW2

23. RATIONING AND CONSERVATION
US HOMEFRONT CONTINUED

24. 8.a: Rebuilding of Europe & Japan after WWII; US as a world power and establishing the UN
MARSHALL PLAN
Provide aid/help to Western Europe
Stop spread of communism
United Nations established in 1945 = Peacekeeping organization created to stop future wars

25. GERMANY AFTER WW2 Who occupied East Germany after WW2?
Who occupied West Germany after WW2?
Soviet Union Occupied East Germany after WW2
Allies Occupied West Germany after WW2

26. 8.a continued GERMANY AFTER WWII Occupation of Germany after WWII:
France
Britain
United States
Soviet Union
GERMANY AFTER WWII

27. 8.a continued: Rebuilding Japan
Following WWII, Japan was occupied by American forces.
It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self-government, and became a strong ally of the US.
Sites where atomic bombs were dropped by US
Hiroshima
Nagasaki

28. 8.b: US converts from wartime to peacetime economy after WW2
Rationing of consumer goods over – US converts/changes from making wartime materials to consumer goods.
wartime materials
consumer goods

29. 8.b cont. : US growth & economic prosperity post/after WW2
buying on credit =
technology boom
labor unions help workers gain more benefits
women return to family responsibilities

30. 8.c: Cold War- US vs. Soviet Union
FOCUS: DIFFERENCES IN GOALS/BELIEFS & IDEOLOGIES
USA
Democratic
Capitalist
Policy of Containment: to stop spread of communism
NATO
SOVIET UNION
Dictator
Communist
Domination over Eastern Europe
Warsaw Pact
Domino Theory: If a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control.

31. 8.c-Cold War Conflicts Korean War Cuban Missile Crisis
Ends in stalemate
US & S. Korea resist Chinese & N. Korean aggression
Cuban Missile Crisis
US places a naval blockade around Cuba; Soviets remove missiles
Soviet Union puts missiles in Cuba
Vietnam War
Concerned about domino theory; intervene to stop spread of communism
Ends in cease-fire agreement

32. 8.d:Changing Patterns in Society
CHANGES TO AMERICAN LIFE AFTER WWII
*Baby Boom – change in demographics
*Healthy Job Market – more jobs
*Greater Investment in Education
*Interstate Highway System
*Changing role of women – family & work outside the home
*Eleanor Roosevelt – expands human rights
*African Americans – aspiration for equal rights

33. 8.d cont.: Increased Opportunities for Veterans, Women, and Minorities
G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS
Education; housing, employment
benefits to veterans
PRESIDENT TRUMAN
DESEGREGATES ARMED
FORCES
CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION
Increased education, economic,
political opportunities for women
and minorities

34. 8.e: Globalization Positive Effects Negative Effects
Definition: Linking of nations through trade, information, technologies, and communication
Positive Effects
Improved communication
Travel, internet, telecommunications
Availability of foreign made goods
Rise of international corporations
Negative Effects
Outsourcing
Obtain from outside supplier (foreign country)
Loss of American jobs

35. 9.a: NOW – National Organization for Women
Major Goal: WORKING FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN

36. 9.a: ADA-Americans with Disabilities Act
Passed by Congress 1990
First law addressing needs of people with disabilities: employment, public services and accommodations, & telecommunications
Public

37. 9.a: IDEA-Individuals with Disabilities Act
piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education

38. 9.b: Development of New Technologies
EFFECT
INCREASED TRAVEL
GREATER ACCESS TO NEWS
IMPROVED COMMUNICATION & ENTERTAINMENT
IMPROVED
QUALITY OF LIFE
Development of new technologies in 20th & 21st century
CAUSE

39. Various fields of study:
9.c: Citizens influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically
SCIENTIFIC
Medicine
Technology
Environment
Space
ACADEMICALLY
Various fields of study:
Literature
History
CULTURALLY
Music
Media
Art
Communications
Technology
Architect
ECONOMICALLY
Banking
Business
Industry

40. 9.d: American Foreign Policy - Immigration
Late 20th and early 21st Century Immigrants primarily Hispanic and Asian.
More people want to immigrate to the US than are allowed by law.

41. 9.d cont.: International Issues of the 21st Century
Climate Change (also known as Global Warming)
Terrorism (issues in Middle East because of US friendly relationship with Israel)
Immigration (more illegal than legal)
World-wide Health Issues (pandemics)
Conserving & protecting natural resources
Future Energy Needs (dependence on foreign oil)

42. Now watch it again!
*study!