1. A Long Struggle
Mr. Davis

2. Background:
“I saw…the dead and hurt men lying limp on the ground. From somewhere across the field a battery [heavy guns] pounded us. We wavered, and rallied, and fired blindly; and men fell writhing.”
It became quite clear that there would be no short end to this war, leaders from both sides began prepare for a long, difficult struggle.

3. Strategies for Victory
Both sides had different strategies for victory.
The Union was going to use its naval power to cripple the South’s economy.
At the same time the South was planning on letting the North attack until they had no will to fight.

4. The Union Plans
The first plan for the North was to blockade the South and cut off their supplies with Europe including:
Goods
Supplies (guns/weapons)

5. Generals believed that if they captured Richmond, Virginia (the confederate’s capital) they could capture the rest of the government.
In the West, the Union believed the best plan was to take control of the Mississippi River.
This would cut off supplies of troops and take away Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana from the Confederacy.

6. Confederate Plan The South had a much easier plan
Stay where you are and let the others fight until they are tired of fighting.

7. The belief was that if the war became too unpopular President Lincoln would have to seize fighting.
Europe and the Confederacy had been working together on the cotton industry so it was believed that they would continue business even as an independent nation.

8. Forward to Richmond
Every day for over a month crowds kept chanting “Forward to Richmond! Forward to Richmond!”
Finally, Lincoln ordered the attack, under pressure, on the Confederacy’s capital.

9. Battle of Bull Run
In Virginia, July 1861, a party of Union troops set out to go to Richmond.
On the way they came across an army of Confederate soldiers near a small stream called Bull Run.

11. On July 21, 1861 hundreds of Washingtonians rode out to see the Confederate army get crushed.
They became shocked to find that the Sothern troops were not running like expected.

12. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson did not let down, he was ‘like a stone wall’ and held his ground on the battle field.
For a short time the Union fought and once the Confederate troops did not retreat, Union troops retreated.
The overall outcome of this battle was that both sides needed training.

13. Caution, delay and retreat
Lincoln appointed General George McClellan as commander of the Union army of the East.
McClellan was a terrific organizer, and transformed the inexperienced troops into an army of trained soldiers.

14. In March 1862 McClellan finally made his move.
Many of the troops and McClellan took off on steamboats and headed for Richmond again.
However, as the army got closer they were forced back again, leaving Richmond in one piece.