1. Arrival in Canada
Ms. Dow
Socials 9

2. North America before Colonialism…

3. Impacts of Colonialism?
Language
Culture
Disease
War
Technology
Crops
Metis
Animal Extinction
Political Organization
Political Borders
Religion
Architecture

4. Age of Exploration Age of Exploration 1450-1600
Portuguese and Spanish begin exploring the “new world” in search of the legendary riches of the East
NORTH WEST PASSAGE
Ended up finding new
economic opportunities
In the ‘New World’
Fishing
Fur Trade

5. European Explorers
What do you remember about early European Explorers?
Vikings
Leif Erikson, Lanse Aux Meadows
England
John Cabot, Nfld. And the Grand Bank
France (part 1)
Cartier, Huron guides, fails to set up a permanent settlement, beginnings of the fur trade
Dutch
Henry Hudson and the Hudson River
France (part 2)
Champlain, Port Royal, Algonkians and Wendat
Etienne Brule, Courier de Bois
Radisson and Groseillier, HBC

6. Imperialism vs. Colonialism
Imperialism – the right to rule a foreign region by conquest
Ruling is all about power
Imperialism is about economic control of foreign lands and peoples
Eg. the Fur Trade
Colonialism – settling a foreign region
Normally follows imperialism
Once a region is under control, a colony is established with populated with settlers
Eg. New France

7. Major Colonial Shipping Routes

8. Human Migration

9. Port Royal
After Cartier failed to set up a permanent colony, Samuel de Champlain tries one more time (Port Royal, NS), but also fails
Had about 60 colonists, lasted about 2 years, but spirits were low and there was no profitable resource established for France (bad location)
He is still convinced a colony is needed.

10. New France
Champlain led an expedition up the St. Lawrence river and arrived in Quebec City
Liked this area because it was inland and the cliffs were a natural defence
Established a habitation, or post, at Quebec and allied with the Algonquin and Innu
In return these groups would only trade furs with the French
French firearms helped these groups win many battles

11. Alliance with the Wendat
Wendat had economic advantages because of their western location
Access to more furs from other parts of Canada
Good fishing and a variety of new crops
Champlain began to assist them in battles and sending coureurs de bois (independent fur traders) to live in Wendat communities

12. Trouble Begins… Lack of support and funding from France
Christian Missionaries divide communities
Coureurs de Bois, Etienne Brule, actually sided with his Algonquin community (and the English) against the French!

13. New France Mind Map Assignment
Use pictures and words to summarize the information on p
Key Question:
How did France expand its control in NA?

14. What to do?
France creates the Company of 100 Associates to bring more colonists to Canada and establish ‘New France’

15. The Jesuit Missions Order of Roman Catholic priests
Partnered with the Company of a Hundred Associates (wanted them to build closer relationships with FN)
The Jesuits were unique because:
Willing to go anywhere and make any sacrifice to spread the word of God
Willing to adapt to native traditions and customs
Set about mastering native languages
Did not intend to harm people, BUT…
With contact came disease
Caused a division among FN communities, weakening them

16. The Royal Province of New France
New France was made a Royal Province in 1663
Step 1: Safety
Sent 1100 soldiers to protect New France (though they also attached many FN communities)
The soldiers almost doubled the population in New France

17. Step 2: Set up a Government
Sovereign Council (govt. of New France)
The governor represented king of France, supervised defence, and established treaties (Frontenac)
The intendant supervised the people (Jean Talon)
A catholic bishop was responsible for religious affairs (Laval)

18. Step 3: Organize Society
New France was intended to be a mini-France populated with French people (though Champlain had hoped for some FN people as well)
French king was an absolute
monarch for New France as well
Seigneurial system put in place

19. Step 4: Population
Besides soldiers, women were also recruited to populate New France = “filles du roi” (the king’s daughters).
women who had little to gain form staying in France
they were often orphans

20. Step 5: Infrastructure Talon oversaw the people in the colony
Needed new buildings, roads etc.

21. Step 6: Mercantilism
Mercantilism = raw materials brought to France, final product created in France then sold around Europe
Eg. Beaver pelts brought from New France and made into hats in France then sold around Europe
Also established industry – a lumber mill, a tannery and a brewery – making New France more self sufficient and profitable to France