1. Reinforced Thermoplastic Gathering Lines and Downhole Tubulars
Thermoflex® Tubing
Reinforced Thermoplastic Gathering Lines and Downhole Tubulars
Polyflow Overview

2. Why Use Thermoflex Tubing
Corrosion Resistance/ Hydrocarbon Resistance
Rapid Installation vs. Steel
Paraffin or Scale Issues
Reduced Pressure Drop vs. Steel

3. Advantages of New Polymers
Polyethylene has been Available for Years.
Good to 60C Operating Temperatures
Paraffin Adheres to Polyethylene
Poor Permeation Properties
New Polymers with High Strength, Improved Corrosion Resistance, and Higher Temperature Performance Now Available
Multi-Layer Technology has Reduced the Costs of Liners for Severe Applications

4. New Engineered Plastics Provide Higher Temperature Strength Not Available From Polyethylene (PE)
Fortron
Capron PE

5. Liner Construction & Design
Multi-layer Design
Inner Layer for Corrosion Resistance, Low Permeation and Higher Temp Strength Nylon and Fortron
Outer Layer for Higher Temperature Strength, Abrasion Resistance Capron or PP
Fully Bonded
Applications to 250F
Inner Barrier

6. Reinforced Tubing Design and Construction
Multi-layer Design
Inner and Outer Barrier Layers
Center Layer Provides Higher Temperature Strength
Fiber reinforced with Kevlar for Strength, Tensile Load, and Burst
Tubing Strength P=(2*F*n)/D*L

7. Long Term / Elevated Temp
Long Term / Elevated Temp. Fuel Exposure Weight Change - Fuel CM15 (121oC)
10%
N % GR 5%
HTN - 35% GR
PPA - 45% GR
PPS - 40% GR 0%

8. CO2 Permeation (0%, 50% relative humidity)
(1) units = (109 * cm3 * cm) / (cm2 * s * bar)
all data measured at independent laboratory 39

9. CO2 Permeability 33

10. Tensile Performance

11. Creep Performance

12. Design Strength vs. Short Term Burst Strength
2 3/8” 500PSI Rated
Burst Strength
Rated Braid Strength
500PSI
Design Braid Strength
893PSI
Short Term Burst
Avg. Last 12 Months
2,297PSI

13. Testing Standards
ASTM D 2513 Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe Not Fully Adequate
Reflects Poor Creep Properties of Polymers ASTM D1598
Reinforced Polymer Tubing Enhanced with Creep Resistant Fiber
ASTM D2292 does not Reflect Excellent Fatigue Resistance of Thermoplastics and Aramid Fibers

14. Paraffin Testing There is Adhesion to Unlined
Metal Fittings
No Evidence of Paraffin Adhesion
On the Piping

15. Delivery of Tubing Comes in Spools
Length Dependent Upon OD and Pressure Rating
Spools can be Broken Down after Use

16. Couplings and Terminations
Couplings Swedged on Both Ends
Duplex Stainless Grade
Any Thread or Connection Available
Swedged in the Field or Plant

17. Coupling Requirements
Couplings are Duplex Stainless or Plated Carbon Steel
Swedged in the Field
Flanged Connections Available

18. Portable Coupling Machines
55 KG
1” to 3.5” Couplings
Hand Pump or Enerpac

19. Installation Methods Direct Bury Pulled Through Existing Steel Pipe
Continuous Plowing
Trenching
Pulled Through Existing Steel Pipe
Sizing Dependent Upon Restrictions in Steel
Pig with wire line and pull pipe

20. Direct Bury Plow, Continuous or Backhoe Trenching
Pre-trenched ditches = 2 Km per Hour
Pull Pipe off Stationary Spools
Savings: $5-6/ft Installed vs. Steel

21. West Virginia Brine Disposal Line
4.5” Thermoflex, 500PSI & 750PSI
10ft. Spools for Shipping
Unwind or Drag Off

22. Water Disposal Line
Spool Weight 2,500lbs
No Trench Padding

23. Inserting In Steel Pipe
Pig Cable Through
Pull Pipe Back Through
Tensile Load Based Upon Drag
Capable of Multiple Kilometer Pulls

24. Pull Through Steel Pipe
Pull with Coupling or with Bolts
Pull Strength Varies by Longitudinal Braids
Polyflow Models Pulls

25. Pulling Thermoflex Through
2 3/8” in 3” ID Steel
Do not Recommend Pulling through Elbows
Pull Speed 100ft/min

26. Termination Connections
Threaded. Flanged or Weld Style
Pull Tubing, Clamp it, Couple It, Pulls Back into Tube

27. Double Walled System Pull Thermoflex Through Carbon Steel
Flanged Terminations
Fill Annulus with Packer Fluid/ Inert Fluid
Monitor Pressure on the Annulus

28. Brine Disposal Example
2,200bbl/day
300psi Operating Pressure
85C Operating Temperature
Ditched and Pulled in Pipe

29. Installation Through Hills
Pull from Top to Bottom if Possible
No Special Backfilling Requirements
Utilize Load Cell to Limit Pull Force

30. Gas Flow Line 300MCF/day 500psi Operating Pressure 1.75” OD Pipe
Fortron Lined for Corrosion Issues

31. Line Terminations Threaded, Flanged or Welded Terminations
Couplings for Standard Sized Threads, Flanges or Pipe Sizes

32. So Why Use Polymer Liners and Reinforced Tubing?
Rapid Installation Time and Reduced Cost
Enhanced Corrosion Resistance/ Hydrocarbon Resistance
Flexibility for Tight Applications
Reduced Pressure Drops

33. Modeling Gathering Lines
Single or Multi-phase flow
Comparison to Steel
Smaller Diameter for Equal Pressure Drop
Less Effects Due to Continuous Runs
2 3/8” Steel
Thermoflex

34. Where to Get Help www.polyflowinc.com Call Main Office: 610 666 5150
Call Dale Sannipoli: 951

35. Technical Background and Case Studies
Reinforced Thermoplastic Tubing for Velocity String and Downhole Tubing Applications for Oil and Gas Production
Technical Background and Case Studies
EOG Lunch and Learn
January 16, 2008

36. Why Use Thermoflex® Tubing For Gas Wells?
Reduced Pressure Drop & Increased Gas Flow Rates
Excellent Corrosion Resistance
Minimum Ongoing Maintenance
Low Cost Installation

37. Why Thermoforming Plastics?
Polyethylene Should not be used in Wells
Poor Hydrocarbon Resistance
60C Max Operating Temperature
Higher Temperature/Corrosion Resistant Polymers Available
Polyphenylene Sulfide (Fortron/PPS) (120C)
Nylon (85C)
Extrusion Options for Engineered Plastics

38. Target Applications Low Pressure Wells
Wells with Liquid Loading Issues
High H2S and CO2 Environments
Wells with Paraffin or Scale Buildup Issues
Used In Conjunction with a Submersible Pump to Remove Water and Solids from CBM Wells

39. What Are Thermoflex Strings
Multi-layer Reinforced Polymer Coiled Tubing
Inner Layer Corrosion/Flow Layer
Aramid Fibers for Strength and Creep
Center Layer for Strength to 120C max.
Sizes Compatible with Coil Tubing Injectors
Less Force Requirements
Required Couplings on Each End

40. Channeling the Gas Small Diameter Tubes . . . No U-Tubing
Set Above Lowest Gas
Packer or Cone

41. Benefits of Thermoflex® For Velocity Strings
Reduced Surface Roughness of Engineered Plastics vs. Steel
Steel Relative Roughness .005
Thermoflex Relative Roughness
Material Compatibility of Polymers . . .
Enhanced Corrosion Resistance
Minimizes Buildups of Paraffin and Asphaltenes

42. Interesting Findings Well Energy Balance
Velocity
Thermal
Transfer
Exit
Energy
Gravity
Friction
Couplings
Bottom Hole Energy

43. Where is the Energy Lost Dye #2 Well @ 8ft/sec.

44. Where is the Energy Lost Dye #2 Well @ 27ft/sec

45. Pressure Drop 1 3/4 Thermoflex
Steel
Thermoflex

46. Liquid Loading Example
1.75” Velocity String for 2,591M Well
Weight 1,560Kg
Thermoflex inside of /8” Steel
Conventional Coil Tubing Unit

47. Safety Considerations
Diamond Cut Slips Only
Same Pack Off
Shears Work
5,818Kg Tension Before Pipe Slipped in Coil Tubing Blocks

48. Installation Install at 30M/min Couplings Through Injector
Bottom Plugs Float Tubing
Set 3 Meters above Perf Zone

49. Reed A1 Performance

50. Slim Hole Completion Case
Background
1,959M, 2 7/8” Casing
28 Bar Shut In
Liquid Loading
Swabbing or Shut in to Reduce Water Level

51. Results From Thermoflex®

52. Multi-Zone Case Five Perforation Zones over 304M
Weekly Soaping and Blowing/ Monthly Swabbing
Where to Set the Tubing?

53. Results of Multi-zone Case

54. Injection Applications
Gas Injection
Chemical/ Fluid Injection
Banded to Tubing or Free Hanging
Submersible Production Applications

55. Utilizing Submersible Pumps off of Thermoflex Tubing
Increases Fluid Velocity to Lift Solids
Rapid/Low Cost Installation and Removal
Suitable for CBM
Resists CO2