1. Cell Organelles
Biology CP

2. Nucleus Function: Physical appearance: Location:
control center of the cell
contains chromosomes/DNA
Physical appearance:
spherical in shape
Location:
Bacteria: no nucleus
Animal: center
Plants: side (due to vacuole)
Nucleus

3. Nucleus (continued) Parts: Nucleolus: center of the nucleus
produces ribosomes

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Types: Smooth (SER) and Rough (RER)
Location: Attached to nucleus
Function:
Serves as a pathway (tunnels) for transport of materials throughout the cell
Most materials sent to Golgi Apparatus
SER: makes lipids
RER: makes proteins

5. Golgi Apparatus
Function: modifies, collects, and redistributes materials within the cell or to other cells
Physical Appearance: network of “U” shaped pancakes

6. Golgi Apparatus (continued)
Location: Throughout the cell (usually between the ER and cell membrane)
Parts: Vesicles (tiny compartments used to transport materials)

8. Mitochondria Function: Physical Appearance:
Creates energy (Adenosine Triphosphate ATP)
Process known as cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Semi-autonomous
Physical Appearance:
Bean/sausage like structure with maze-like squiggles
Double membrane

9. Mitochondria (continued)
Location: located throughout the cytoplasm
Parts:
Cristae: folds of the inner membrane (increase surface area)
Contains its own DNA
Contains its own ribosomes

10. Ribosomes Function: production of proteins (translation)
Physical Appearance: bead-like appearance
Location: found in all cells (free or bound)
Free ribosomes: found in cytoplasm
Bound ribosomes: attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Parts: Made up of RNA and proteins

11. Lysosomes Function: Physical Appearance:
Breakdown and digests old/foreign material
Contains digestive (acidic) enzymes
Helps in fighting disease
Physical Appearance:
Usually spherical in shape

12. Lysosomes (continued)
Location: found throughout the cell
Lysosomes (continued)

14. Cytoskeleton Function: Physical Appearance:
Holds structure of the cell
transportation
Physical Appearance:
Varies: tree like branches to hair-like structures
Location: throughout the cytoplasm

15. Cytoskeleton (continued)
Parts (examples):
Cilia: small/numerous hair-like structures used to transport fluids
Flagella: long/few tail-like structures used for movement
Centriole Pair: used during mitosis of animal cells

16. (central)

17. Vacuole Location: found in cytoplasm Function: Physical Appearance:
Stores food, wastes, and water
Aids in water balance of the cell
Physical Appearance:
Large formless with no internal structures
Can take up to 80% of cell’s volume (start of as several small vacuoles and later mature into one large vacuole)

18. Cell Wall Function: Physical Appearance: Composed of cellulose
Keeps out harmful substances
Prevents cell from bursting
Physical Appearance:
thick layer on the outside border of the cell
Underneath the cell wall is the cell membrane
Composed of cellulose
Location: found on the outside of plant and bacteria cells

20. Chloroplast Function: Creates food (glucose) for plants
Process known as photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Semi-autonomous
Physical Appearance:
“oval” in shape
double membrane
Location: side of the cell (pushed by the vacuole)

21. Chloroplast (continued)
Parts:
Contains its own DNA
Contains its own ribosomes
Thylakoid, stroma, grana

24. Bacteria vs. Plant vs. Animal
Organelles
Bacteria
Plant
Animal
Cell Wall + -
Cell Membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Microtubules
Centrioles
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Chromosome/DNA
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuole