1. Pregnancy & Early Development
Chapter 17
Lesson 1 & 3

2. The Very Beginning Life begins with the union of egg & sperm
Fertilization: joining of sperm & egg because of sexual intercourse “conception”
Occurs in fallopian tube
Once egg is penetrated, a chemical change happens to prevent other sperm from entering
Zygote: 1 cell that contains
genetic material from both
sperm & egg

3. Fertilized Egg Divides
Zygote travels down fallopian tube towards uterus
3-5 days
Divides into 2 cells, then 4 then a ball of cells

4. Zygote Implants into Uterus
ball of cells implants into uterine wall = implantation => pregnancy
After about 2 weeks zygote becomes an embryo (a cluster of cells that develops between the 3rd & 8th week of pregnancy)
Open to Page 471

5. The Growing Embryo
3 layers of tissue are formed which turns into 3 different systems
Respiratory & digestive system
Muscles, bones, blood vessels, skin
Nervous system, sense organs, mouth
2 important structures form
Amniotic sac: thin, fluid filled membrane that surrounds & protects the embryo
Umbilical cord: connects fetus
to placenta (thick, blood rich
tissue that lines the walls of the
uterus & nourishes the embryo)

6. How a Baby Develops (Pg 472)
1 cell into trillions of cells over 280 days (9 months)
1st Trimester:
1st 14 weeks: major time of growth, development & change after implantation
By 2 weeks: spinal cord grows, Heart starts to beat, arm & leg buds appear, eye & brain begin to develop
By week 8: embryo is 1 inch long, nervous & cardiovascular system are functional

7. How a Baby Develops 1st Trimester cont’:
Fetus: 9 weeks to birth (name for baby)
Brain waves can be detected
Muscle movements begin
Bones & muscles develops
By end: all major body parts are formed

8. How a Baby Develops 2nd Trimester: 15-28 weeks 20 weeks: By end:
“kicking”, reproductive organs recognizable
By end:
hear & recognize voices
Hair forms on body, head & facial features become apparent
Finger & toe nails grow
born at end can survive with medical help & support -> not fully developed

9. How a Baby Develops 3rd Trimester: 29 weeks to birth
Gains most of it’s weight
8 months:
~20 inches long
Brain develops further
Other organs almost complete
Can grasp with hands
Fat deposited under skin = smooth skin
End of 36 weeks:
Almost ready to live outside of body
Nervous system continue to develop after birth

10. A Healthy Pregnancy Open to page 473 What to eat while pregnant
Calcium, Protein, Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B complex, Folic acid
300 additional calories
No more than extra pounds total
Fitness during pregnancy
Help maintain weight
Help with child birth

11. Complications of Pregnancy
Premature birth
Miscarriage
Stillbirth
Gestational hypertension
Preeclampsia
Ectopic pregnancy

12. Stages of Child Birth

13. Stages of Childbirth (477)
Stage 1: Labor
Starts with the onset of labor
Labor: contractions of the uterine muscles, helps push baby out
Cervix “opens”
Membrane around baby ruptures, “water breaks”
1st stage ends when cervix is fully dilated to 10cm

14. Stages of Childbirth 2nd stage: Delivery 3rd stage: Afterbirth
Baby’s head begins to push into birth canal
Baby’s head emerges fully & shoulders rotate
Stage ends when baby is fully delivered
3rd stage: Afterbirth
Ends when uterus expels placenta (afterbirth) & umbilical cord
Umbilical cord tied & cut

15. Early Child Development (Pg.484)
Each child passes through 4 stages of development
Infancy (birth to 12 months)
2 months
Mostly sleeps, Can raise
head, Begins to smile
4 months
Rolls from front to back
Cooing sounds, Awake
more, Feeding schedule
more regular, Sleep
through night
6 months
Sits up, Excellent head control
9 months
Crawls

16. Early Child Development
Early childhood (1-3 yrs)
1st year
Walks & talks
2 years
Social independence
Toilet training begins
Important to encourage good eating habits

17. Early Child Development
Middle Childhood (4-6 yrs)
Begins school
Toilet trained
Well developed speech
More social interactions with other children

18. Early Child Development
Late Childhood (7-12 yrs)
Puberty begins
Dear friendships are developed
Peer pressure
becomes
stronger

19. Pregnancy Timeline
On a piece of paper, create a timeline during pregnancy.
Break Timeline into three sections
1st, 2nd, and 3rd Trimester
Organize significant events within each trimester.