1. Kingdom Animalia Marine Science

2. General Characteristics
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Digest food internally in a body cavity
Eukaryotic
Habitat: aquatic and terrestrial
Possess body symmetry
Most utilize complex and rapid locomotion
Most reproduce sexually (egg & sperm)

3. Can be divided into 2 large groups:
The Animal Kingdom
Can be divided into 2 large groups:
INVERTEBRATE- An animal that does not have a backbone
- worms, arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms
sponges, cnidaria
2) VERTEBRATE- An animal that has a backbone
-chordates

4. Environmental Characteristic
Divided into two types:
Cold-blooded
Body temperature depends on environment
Warm-blooded
Body temperature stays the same
Ex. Humans – 98.6 degrees F

5. Types of Symmetry Asymmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry
Most primitive
Not symmetrical
Radial symmetry
Divided into similar ½’
by more than 1 plane
Bilateral symmetry
Same on either side
Well suited for directional movement

6. Cephalization Bilateral Symmetry usually has led to cephalization
sensory organs and appendages became localized in the head end of animals
Prominent in higher order organisms

7. Body Terminology Dorsal- top Ventral – bottom Anterior- front
Posterior- back

8. Animal Diversity

9. Major Animal Phyla

10. The Animal Kingdom Cont’d
Porifera:
Means “having pores”
Simplest Animal Phylum
Ex: sponges
Porifera/Spongia.html
gallery.htm

11. The Animal Kingdom Cnidaria (aka. Coelentrata): Sac-like body
Have tentacles, most sting
Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemones
html/creature_feature.html
ss98front/compendi.htm
large/fancoral.htm

12. Platyhelmenthes (Flatworms) Nematoda (Roundworms)
3 Phyla of Worms:
Platyhelmenthes (Flatworms)
Nematoda (Roundworms)
Annelida (Segmented worms)
Not all found in the marine environment
flatworm.htm
biogallery-Info html

13. Hard shell surrounding soft body parts Examples: Snails (Gastropods)
Molluska:
Hard shell surrounding soft body parts
Examples:
Snails (Gastropods)
Sea Scallops, Clams (Bivalves)
Octopus, Squid (Cephalopods)
Only a few do not have “true” shells:
members.aol.com/bafiler/ Mollusca.html
mollusca.html

14. Echinodermata: Means “spiny-skin” Ex: Starfish & Sea Urchin
ReynoldsJ/Default.htm
dev/urchin.htm

15. Basic Characteristics: hard external skeleton segmented body
Arthropoda:
Basic Characteristics:
hard external skeleton
segmented body
jointed legs
Ex: crab, shrimp, lobster, etc.
Ex: crustaceans
backwell4/body.htm

16. Invertebrate Chordates
In between group
All chordates (vertebrate animals) have:
Vertebral column
Spinal cord and brain
Gills
Posterior tail structure
Invertebrates only have #1 & #2 in their embryos
Examples: sea squirts and salps