1. Parts of the Cell Chapter 7.3
Discussion Question #7
What is MRSA?
Why are bacteria able to evolve so quickly? 1. 2. 3.

2. Review What is the difference between passive and active transport?
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion: small uncharged molecules squeeze through phospholipid layer
Facilitated diffusion: medium sized charged molecule go through transport proteins
What are the 4 functions of a cell membrane?
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
What is the difference between isotonic solutions, hypotonic solutions, and hypertonic solutions?
How do we transport large molecules?

3. Osmosis (a type of passive transport)
Osmosis- the passive transport of water across a selective permeable membrane
3 types of solutions that affect osmosis all because of equilibrium
Hypertonic solution: the solution on the outside has more ions than the inside of the cell causing the water in the cell to want to rush out and equal out the ions on the outside (solution has high concentration)
Cell shrivels
Hypotonic solution: higher concentration of ions on the inside of the cell than on the outside causing water to rush in to equal things out (solution has low concentration)
Cell swells
Isotonic solution: equal concentrations of ions on the inside of the cell and solution outside of the cell
Cell is unchanged

4. Prokaryotes (bacteria)
Nucleoid- control center that does NOT have a membrane around it and holds the DNA
Cytoplasm- the liquid “goo” that everything in the cell sits in
Ribosomes- protein factories that build the proteins for the cell
Plasmid- packets of DNA that the bacteria can swap with other bacteria to make it more resistant to medicine
Cell membrane- regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell
Cell wall- rigid outer structure that protects the cell and gives it structure
Capsule-slippery layer of the cell that keeps it from drying out and helps it slip away when phagocytes try to engulf it
Pili- help bacteria attach to surfaces
Flagella- whip like tail for movement

5. Discussion Question #8 List as many structures as you can on this prokaryote? (there are 9 total)

6. Eukaryotes

8. Nucleus (control center)
The nucleus is located in the center of the cell
Holds the cells genetic material (DNA)
Is the control center(brain) of the cell
The nucleus is broken down into parts
Nucleolus- dark area inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Nuclear membrane- membrane that covers the nucleus
Nuclear pores- openings in the nuclear membrane that allow things in

9. Ribosomes (protein factories) & ER
Ribosomes- the little dots found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): work with ribosomes to make proteins
A folded network of compartments attached to the nucleus.
The folds increase the surface area for cellular functions to take place
Rough ER- ER with ribosomes attached to the outside surface.
Makes it bumpy looking or rough
This is where most of the cells proteins are made
Smooth ER- ER with no ribosomes attached, responsible for making lipids
Both package and deliver new proteins and lipids via vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

10. Golgi Apparatus (FED-EX)
Golgi Apparatus- a stack of folded up membrane sacs that packages proteins and ships them through out the cell
Looks like a stack of pancakes
Receives newly made proteins and lipids from
the ER which it then modifies, repackages
(in vesicles) and distributes to the rest of the cell
Vesicles (transporters)- membrane bound transporters that take proteins and other packages around the cell and out of the cell

11. Vacuoles (containers)
Vacuoles(containers)- large membrane bound sacs that store products
Common in plant cells (central vacuole), used to store water and nutrients
Also found in single celled eukaryotes as a “contractile vacuole” which pumps excess water out of the cell.
Lysosomes (patrol officers)- small membrane bound sacs that are filled with digestive enzymes and they wander around the cell dissolving nutrients in the cell or “lysing” bacteria cells that are trying to cause harm inside the cell
Centrioles- tubes used as winches during cell division
Vacuoles can take up to 30% of a plant cell’s volume

12. Pathway of particles
Ribosomes found on the rough ER make LOTS of proteins
A part of the membrane of the rough ER pinches off and becomes a vesicle to transport the proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi Apparatus
The vesicle dumps the protein off at the Golgi Apparatus and dissolves into the Golgi’s membrane
The proteins get repackaged by the Golgi (FED-EX) and shipped through out the cell though other vesicles and some products get stored in the vacuole

13. Enough about transport, how do cells get their energy
Enough about transport, how do cells get their energy???? Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (POWERHOUSES)
Chloroplasts- green jelly bean like structures inside PLANT cells that produce almost all of the energy that plants need to grow
The stacks of green discs are the actual structures that produce the all of the energy through photosynthesis
Mitochondria- chili bean looking structures that produce energy for plant and animal cells
Makes ATP (packets of energy) for
the cell to use
Site of cellular respiration

14. Skeleton & Movement
Cytoskeleton- the straw like structures on the inside of the cell that act as a skeleton (made of protein)
Like the steel beams of a building that give it strength
Microtubules- rigid straight tubes that act as structural support
Microfilaments- thin protein thread/webs that help give cells shape
Flagella- long whip like structures for movement
Cilia- short hair like structures found all over the cells aid in movement (work like boat oars)

15. Outer Barrier
Cell membrane- (phospholipid bilayer) outer layer on animal cells, inner layer on plants that regulates what goes in and out of a cell
Cell wall- rigid outer most layer of plant cells made of cellulose and provides structure for the plant

16. Working together
All of the organelles in the cell have very different jobs but they all work together to make the cell function properly.

17. Animal Cells vs Plant Cells
Both
Plant Cells

18. Discussion Question #9
Draw a eukaryotic animal cell and label as many organelles/structures as you can remember.

19. Discussion Question #10
Draw a eukaryotic PLANT cell and label as many organelles/structures as you can remember.