1. Parts and Functions of Eukaryotic Cells Ms. Lew

3. Nucleus
Contains the genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.
Provides protection for nuclear material
Composed of three parts: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin

4. Nuclear Envelope
Double –membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

5. Nucleolus
Small, dense region within most nuclei that produces rRNA-used to make ribosomes

6. Ribosome Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)
May be either free-floating or attached to E.R.

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of transport Channels
2 Kinds
Smooth ER (SER)
Synthesis of lipids and steroids
Rough ER (RER)
Synthesis and processing of proteins

8. Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins from the RER for secretion.
Packages lipids & steroids from the SER in to vesicles to send to other organelles, or out of the cell.

9. Lysosome
Membrane-enclosed sac of enzymes needed to break down cellular debris
Made by the Golgi apparatus

10. Mitochondrion Releases energy from glucose (cellular respiration)
Makes ATP, the main energy source for almost all cell processes.

11. Cytoplasm
Contents of a cell inside the cell membrane but outside of the nucleus.
The gel-like substance in the cytoplasm is called cytosol

12. Cell Membrane
Thin, Flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
More about this later…

13. Cytoskeleton Microfilament Microtubule
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Long, thin filament that functions in the movement and support of the cell
Hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and functions as a “track” along which organelles move through the cell
Microtubule

14. Animal Cells ONLY !!!

15. Centriole It helps organize microtubules during cell division
Helps build cilia & flagella

16. Plant Cells ONLY !!!

17. Cell Wall
Provides structure and protection to the cell. Found outside of the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
Made of:
Cellulose – Plants
Chitin – Fungi
Peptidoglycan - Bacteria

18. Chloroplast
Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy, in the form of glucose

20. Plant AND Animal cells, but more prevalent/large in Plant cells…
VACUOLE

21. Vacuole Membrane-bound sac, largest structure in plant cell
Helps maintain water pressure in the cell
Site in the cell where water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates are stored

22. Endoplasmic reticulum
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Centrioles
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts