1. Balancing Steel and Herbicides to Reduce Resistance: Farmer Perspective Craig Fleishman Cardinal Farms Minburn, IA

3. Why Ridge-tillage helps accomplish…… Soil Health Weed Control Erosion Control

4. NEBRASKA STYLE Lower Rainfall Buffalo-Till System (Developed by Fleischer Mfg. Columbus, NE) Buffalo Planter with Sweeps and Guards Cultivator with Disk Hillers Two Cultivations No or Little Herbicide Non-GMO or Organic Seeds Rotary Hoe for Weed Control Make 6 - 8 Ridges Every Year Furrow or Pivot Irrigation Very Adaptable to Organic, Longer Rotations or Integrated-Crop and Livestock Systems Wider Rows Needed 30 - 38 The Steel Versus Herbicide Balance in Ridge-Tillage Craig Fleishman The Balance All Depends on the Weather! Conventional Planter with Ridge Cleaners Corn and Soybean Strip- Cropping MINNESOTA STYLE Higher Rainfall Econ-O-Till System (Developed by Jim Johnson Hiniker Comp. Mankato, MN) Conventional Planter with Row-Cleaners 0 - 1 Cultivations without Disk Hillers Broadcast Herbicide Roundup Ready or Liberty-Link Compatible Rotary Hoe to Dry-out Ridges Make 3 - 4 Ridges Every 2 - 3 Years Chemical Cultivation with Drops Irrigation Not Needed Need Good Drainage Some Potholes Return to Nature Narrow Rows 22 - 30 0% Herbicide 100% Steel 50% Steel 50% Herbicide 0% Steel 100% Herbicide Band P&K into the Ridges Conventional Planter with Ridge Cleaners Band Spray (10) with Planter Rotary Hoe to Dry-out Ridges; Sometimes to break crust Early Post- Glyphosate/24DE Burndown 1st Cultivation with Disk Hillers and Side-Dress NH3 or UAN (Corn Only) Cultivation = Oxygen in Soil = Mineralization = Synergistic Affect 2 nd Cultivation with Ridging Wings; Narrow Sweeps; No Hillers 6 - 8 Ridges Every 1 - 2 Years Spot Spray Weed Control for Escapes Fence-Row Management Corn-Corn-Soybean Rotation Corn-Corn Pre-Clean for Blacker Strips Corn-Soybean Strip-Cropping Cover Crops in Bean Stubble Seed Down Headlands to Oats Maintain Grassed Hay Headlands RR-Corn and Soybeans Treated Like Non-RR RTK Makes It Work Better 50%-Herbicide/ 50%-Steel Craigs Goal Band P&K into the Ridges 1 st Cultivation Corn-Corn Pre-Clean for Blacker Strips

5. Nebraska Style Lower Rain Fall Buffalo-till System (Developed by Fleischer Mfg. Columbus, NE) Buffalo Planter with Sweeps & Guards Cultivator with Disk Hillers Two Cultivations No or little herbicide Non-GMO or Organic Seeds Rotary Hoe for Weed Control 6-8 Ridges every year Furrow or Pivot Irrigation Very Adaptable to Organic, Longer Rotations or Integrated with Livestock Wider Rows Needed 30-38

6. Minnesota Style Higher Rain Fall Econ-O-Till System (Developed by Jim Johnson Hiniker Comp Mankato, MN) Conventional Planter with Row-Cleaners 0-1 Cultivations without Disk Hillers Broadcast Herbicide Roundup Ready or Liberty-Link Rotary Hoe to Dry Out Ridges 3-4 Ridges Every 2-3 Years Chemical Cultivation with Drops Irrigation Not Needed Need Good Drainage Some Potholes Return to Nature Narrow Rows 22-30

7. 50/50 My Goal Band P&K into the Ridges Conventional Planter with Ridge Cleaners Band Spray (10) with Planter Rotary Hoe to Dry out Ridges; Sometimes to break crust Early Post-Glyphosate/24DE Burndown 1st Cultivation with Disk Hillers & Side-Dress NH3 or UAN in Corn Only Cultivation=Oxygen in Soil=Mineralization=Synergistic Affect 2 nd Cultivation with Ridging Wings; Narrow Sweeps; No Hillers 6-8 Ridges Every 1-2 Years Spot Spray Weed Control for Escapes Fence-row Management Corn-Corn-Soybean Rotation Corn-Corn Pre-Clean for Blacker Strips Corn-Soybean Strip-Cropping Cover Crops in Bean Stubble Seed Down Headlands to Oats Maintain Grassed Hay Headlands RR-Corn & Soybeans treated like non-RR RTK Makes It Work Better

10. Early Post-Glyphosate/24DE Burndown

13. Spot Spraying for Weed Escapes