1. Rocks

2. made of made of two or more one mineral minerals Poly-mineralic
Mono-mineralic
made of
two or more
minerals
made of
one mineral

3. Most Rocks Are
Poly-mineralic

4. Three Classifications
of Rocks are:
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

5. Rocks are
classified by:
How they are formed

6. Earth Science
Reference Tables
Page 6

7. 1. How are igneous rocks formed?
Please go to the
"Rock Cycle" on
Page 6 of the
ESRTS
the melting and
solidification of
magma

8. What are the 2 types of Igneous rocks?
Intrusive
Extrusive

9. Form inside the earth Form outside the earth
Area of Formation
Intrusive
Form inside the earth
Extrusive
Form outside the earth

10. Slow- long cooling time Fast-short cooling time
Cooling Rate
Intrusive
Slow- long cooling time
Extrusive
Fast-short cooling time

11. Crystal Size
Intrusive
Big
Extrusive
Small

12. Coarse or Very Coarse Fine or Glassy
Texture
Intrusive
Coarse or Very Coarse
Extrusive
Fine or Glassy

13. As cooling time…
Increases
Crystal size
Increases

14. crystal size
cooling time

15. 2. Identifying Igneous Rocks
Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks

16. a.texture glassy } extrusive fine
Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks
a.texture
glassy }
extrusive
fine

17. a.texture coarse } intrusive very coarse
Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks
a.texture
coarse }
intrusive
very coarse

18. Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks
b.color
dark
light

19. Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks
c.density
low
high

20. d. composition mafic contains Fe and Mg felsic contains Al
Characteristics used to classify igneous rocks
d. composition
mafic
contains Fe and Mg
felsic
contains Al

21. Gas pockets form from rapid cooling
Vesicular Texture
Gas pockets form from rapid cooling

22. the crystals have grown together, Interlocking with each other
Glassy Texture
usually black in color
Intergrown Crystals
the crystals have grown together,
Interlocking with each other

23. Intergrown

24. Intergrown

25. Intergrown

26. Not Intergrown

27. The mineral composition is found underneath the rock name
What are the crystals made of?
Minerals!
The mineral composition is found underneath the rock name

28. Finding The Minerals Unless you have other information,
work in the middle of the rock’s box. .

29. Please Answer the Questions on Page 6 & 7 Using Your Earth Science Reference Tables.

30. Name a light-colored, fine-grained rock with no bubbles.

31. Name a coarse-grained, dense rock.

32. Name a very light-colored, glassy,
extrusive rock with bubbles.

33. Page 7 Answers
1-C
2-D
3-C
4-C
5-A
6-B

34. 1. Most sedimentary rocks are made of pieces
( clasts )
of other rocks.
Image #2
Image #1

35. Page 6 in ESRT

36. 2. The 2 processes that form sedimentary rocks
Cementation
Compaction
clasts held
together by
minerals
(cement)
the weight of
overlying sediments
forces particles
together

37. 3. In what type of environment are most sedimentary rocks formed?
watery

38. 4. Sedimentary rocks form
in layers known as
Strata
Clear Layering of Sediments
Image #3
Image #2
Image #1

39. Evaporites and Precipitates
5. Crystalline Texture
Minerals dissolved in water are
Left behind when the water evaporates
Evaporites and Precipitates

40. 6. Bioclastic Texture Bio = Life Clastic = Pieces Made from
accumulated shells (Limestone)
or Plant remains (Coal)

41. 7. Fossils the remains of once-living organisms
Key Identifying Features of
Sedimentary Rocks
7. Fossils
the remains of once-living organisms
Sedimentary rocks are the ONLY rocks that can have fossils!
Image #3
Image #1
Image #4
Image #2

42. Please Answer the Questions on Page 8&9 Using Your Earth Science Reference Tables.

43. Answers on the Next Page

44. The Answers (Page 8):
1. Limestone
2. Breccia
3. Limestone
4. Dolostone of Rock Salt
5. Sandstone
6. Rocks Salt The Answers (page 9)
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. B

45. 1. How are metamorphic rocks formed? Metamorphic Rocks
Please go to the
"Rock Cycle" on
Page 6 of the
ESRTS
extreme heat
and/or
pressure

46. Earth Science
Reference Tables
Page 6

47. a. MELTING DOES NOT OCCUR!
Metamorphic Rocks
If melting occurs,
it is classified as an
a. MELTING DOES NOT OCCUR!
Igneous Rock

48. What is the difference between Regional and Contact Metamorphism?
2. Metamorphic Rocks
What is the difference between
Regional and Contact Metamorphism?

49. Regional Metamorphism
Large geographic area
Example:
where mountains form

50. small geographic area Example: Contact Metamorphism when rocks come in
contact with magma

51. Key Identifying Features of Metamorphic Rocks

52. 3. Foliation
Image #1
Image #2
banding of minerals
Zebra Stripes
Image #3

53. 4. Distorted Structure
folded layers
Image #2
Image #3
Image #1
Image #4

54. 5. Types of Foliation “Zebra Stripes”
a. Gneissic Foliation- minerals are squished into bands.
“Zebra Stripes”

56. Banding vs. Layers
Bands
Layers

57. Banding vs. Layers- Banding

58. Layers

59. Mineral Alignment

61. b. Schistose foliation-
minerals have been squashed into flakes of mica.

63. Slaty foliation-
Parallel alignment of Fine grained minerals

64. Slaty foliation-
Rock splits into flat, thin layers.

65. What will these sedimentary rocks metamorphose into?
Shale  Slate
Sandstone  Quartzite
Limestone/Dolostone  Marble
Conglomerate  Metaconglomerate

66. Slate + + =
Phyllite

67. Phyllite + + =
Schist

68. +
Schist +
Gneiss =

71. Please Answer the Questions on Page 11 Using Your Earth Science Reference Tables.

72. Answers on the Next Page

73. The Answers (Page 11):
1. Gneiss
2. Quartzite
3. Sandstone
Shale
Limestone/Dolostone

74. Rock Song