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Circling Pattern (Left Side Camera) Worksheet
Target Coordinates______________ Altitude__________ Airspeed________ Time of Day___________________ Weather______________________ Start Photo Pass Start ID Pass Tgt Desc______________ Msn #______Sortie______ Date_______________ AP________________ Crew______________ S Dist Altitude 1200 Focal Ln (mm) 50 100 Point Angle 45 deg 30 deg 15 deg 45 30 S Dist Ft 2048 4478 S Dist Nm 0.2 0.33 0.75 Aprox One Nautical Mile from Target
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Circling Pattern (Right Side Camera) Worksheet
Start ID Pass Approx One Nautical Mile from Target Target Coordinates______________ Altitude__________ Airspeed________ Time of Day___________________ Weather______________________ Obstacles_____________________ Start Photo Pass Tgt Desc_________________ Msn #______Sortie________ Date_____________________ AP______________________ Crew_____________________ Altitude 1200 Focal Ln (mm) 50 100 Point Angle 45 deg 30 deg 15 deg 45 30 S Dist Ft 2048 4478 S Dist Nm 0.2 0.33 0.75
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Overview (Birdseye) Pattern (Left Side Camera) Worksheet
Target Coordinates______________ Altitude__________ Airspeed________ Time of Day___________________ Weather______________________ Obstacles_____________________ Start ID Pass Tgt Desc__________________ Msn #______Sortie__________ Date______________________ AP________________________ Crew______________________ S 0.1Nm Note: Rule for Congested Areas: 1000’ Above and 2000’ Horizontal from the highest Obstacle. Circle target to find the Altitude that permits horizontal framing and determine best direction to take the Photo. Keep Camera Nearly Perpendicular to Window while Aircraft Banks. Avoid imaging A/C Wing or Landing Gear Start Photo Pass Altitude 1200 Focal Setting 50mm 100mm A/C Bank Angle 30-45 deg Point Angle Nearly NADIR S Dist Ft <1200 S Dist Nm 0.1 Start Circle to Determine Best Angle Approx ½ Nautical Mile from Target
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Overview (Birdseye) Pattern (Right Side Camera) Worksheet
Target Coordinates______________ Altitude__________ Airspeed________ Time of Day___________________ Weather______________________ Obstacles_____________________ Start ID Pass Tgt Desc__________________ Msn #______Sortie__________ Date______________________ AP________________________ Crew______________________ S 0.1Nm Note: Rule for Congested Areas: 1000’ Above and 2000’ Horizontal from the highest Obstacle. Circle target to find the Altitude that permits horizontal framing and determine best direction to take the Photo. Keep Camera Nearly Perpendicular to Window while Aircraft Banks. Avoid imaging A/C Wing or Landing Gear Start Photo Pass Altitude 1200 Focal Setting 50mm 100mm A/C Bank Angle 30-45 deg Point Angle Nearly NADIR S Dist Ft <1200 S Dist Nm 0.1 Start Circle to Determine Angle Approx ½ Nautical Mile from Target
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4 Square Pattern (Left Side Camera) Worksheet
Target Coordinates______________ Altitude__________ Airspeed________ Time of Day___________________ Weather______________________ Obstacles _____________________ S Start ID Pass Start Photo Pass North Side Latitude ________________________ Tgt Desc______________ Msn #______Sortie__________ Date______________________ AP________________________ Crew______________________ ________________________ West Side Longitude East Side Longitude ________________________ Altitude 1200 Focal Ln (mm) 50 100 Point Angle 45 deg 30 deg 15 deg 45 30 S Dist Ft 2048 4478 S Dist Nm 0.2 0.33 0.75 South Side Latitude ________________________ End Photo Pass
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4 Square Pattern (Right Side Camera) Worksheet
Target Coordinates______________ Altitude__________ Airspeed________ Time of Day___________________ Weather______________________ Obstacles _____________________ Start ID Pass North Side Latitude ________________________ Tgt Desc______________ Msn #______Sortie__________ Date______________________ AP________________________ Crew______________________ ________________________ West Side Longitude East Side Longitude ________________________ S Start Photo Pass Altitude 1200 Focal Ln (mm) 50 100 Point Angle 45 deg 30 deg 15 deg 45 30 S Dist Ft 2048 4478 S Dist Nm 0.2 0.33 0.75 South Side Latitude ________________________ End Photo Pass
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4-Square Aerial Photography Pattern – Aircraft Turn Procedures at Corners
Assumptions: 90 Knot ground speed (1 & ½ nm per minute) All turns – standard rate Assuming No Wind corrections At the corner point, fly straight for 20 seconds (1/2 nm) Start right standard rate turn for 30 seconds Fly Straight for 60 seconds (1 & ½ nm) Start Right standard rate turn for 60 seconds (1nm) Adjust final run-in for correct Latitude and Longitude and heading for next pass 1 & ½ nautical mile 60 seconds at 90 Knots) ½ nautical mile (20 seconds at 90 Knots) 30 Sec Turn 60 Sec Turn Standard Rate Turn Use this leg to accurately line up the next track around the four square pattern
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High Density Overlap Coverage Strip Photography
Used for Strip Photography (Like long straight Roads or along the Beach) and Smaller Aerial Mapping projects Speed 90 Kts GroundSpeed! Altitude Options usually 1200’ or 2400’AGL Camera Focal Length 50mm, or 100mm Camera Angle 45 Degrees, Setup with Angle Template and stabilized Tripod Timing of Images for desired 30% Overlap at 90 Kts and desired Altitude. Good rule of thumb is an Image every 3 Seconds. Best to Use Camera Timer for Sequential Shots over longer periods of time. Mapping Patterns (East to West) with Pattern Offset for Mapping Overlap. Best to set up Straight Runs. For Sharp bends, turn into a Series of Straight Segments. For Beaches 1/3 Water, 2/3 Land in Shot Consider Tape on Wing Strut for Pilot Reference at 30 Degrees and 45 Degrees.
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For Example: if asked to do a Beach Strip Image of Boca Grande Pass I would consider breaking it into 3 Sectors. I would then maneuver the Aircraft to give a good steady run at the desired Offset (30 Degree or 45 Degree Angle), maneuvering the Aircraft to insure Straight line runs with minimum turns. For Beach surveys, the customer usually wants around 1/3 of the Image to be Water, and the remaining 2/3 to be Coast and Inshore Land. An exception might be for Heavy Storm Surge when they want Coast to Inland Damage assessment and little water in the Image.
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Here is another example of Strip Imagery of Interstate 75 north of Port Charlotte to Punta Gorda.
Again, breaking it into 4 Sectors, and maneuvering the Aircraft to insure Straight line runs with minimum turns.
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Detailed Mapping Pattern (Left Side Camera) Worksheet
Used for Mapping Photography (Small Area Mapping projects) Speed 90 Kts Groundspeed Altitude Options 1200’ or 2400’AGL Camera Focal Length 50mm, 100mm Camera Angle 45 Degrees, Setup with Angle Template and stabilized Tripod Timing of Images for desired % Overlap at 90 Kts and desired Altitude. Use Camera Timer for Sequential Shots Mapping Patterns (East to West) with Pattern Offset for Mapping Overlap. Example: 1500’AGL would require Imaging Patterns (S distance) to equal .349 Nautical Miles between runs with Camera at 45 Degree Angle.
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This is how you could set up Mapping Imagery of Rotunda Development West of Port Charlotte. A Parallel Pattern would be set up in Foreflight, at 3.5 mile Leg length and 8 total Legs to cover the Rotunda Development All Runs would be Flow from the East to the West, with .36 Nautical Miles between Runs, Camera at a 45 Degree Angle, 90 Kts Ground Speed, 1500’AGL Altitude.
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Wide Area Damage Coverage Pattern (Left Side Camera) Worksheet
Used for Large Area Coverage Damage Assessment. This tactic was used extensively in Hurricane Irma In Florida and Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in the Fall of The Focus is Covering Damage to Property and Infrastructure and trying to assess the Impact of Wide Damage to Populated Areas. Desired Speed is 90 Kts Ground Speed, Altitude Options are ’ for highest Resoultion or 2400’AGL to get less Image resolution and more area coverage. S Distance between Parallel Lines is usually 1 Nautical Mile at 1000’ AGL. Camera Focal Length Variable from 18 Degrees (Wide Coverage) to 210 Degrees Zoom (Extreme close up). Rule of Thumb: Zoom Lens to get the Highest Resolution Imagery possible in Groups of 6 – 10 Houses in more rural or surbuban areas. When collecting imagery or larger Towns and Cities, try to get 50 Degree coverage of larger areas. “Double Tap” each line so that you are shooting both North and South (Or East and West), or alternatively, repeat the Grid Search going in the Opposite Direction. In other words , shoot areas between the lines from both the South and the North. (Or East and West).
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This is how you could set up Disaster Survey Imagery of CAP Grids 75A & B and 76 A&B (A total of 30 Mile Legs) A Parallel Pattern could be set up in Foreflight, at 30 mile Leg length, 1 mile Spacing and 9 total Legs to cover the Assigned Grids. The Initial Run across the Top of the Grid would be Flow from the East to the West, and every other line would be covered TWICE with one run Shooting Norht, and the next run shooting South, Then Shift south one mile and repeat. Try to maximize Imagery of observed Damage with best possible resolution. An alternative to a “Double Tap” of each line, is to fly the Exact same pattern in the opposite Direction. The important issue is to cover all areas between the Search Lines.
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Hurricane Irma 2017 – Big Pine Key (Near Key West, FL)
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