1. Chicago Manual of Style Work SHOP
Brenau Trustee Library
Micki
Waldrop

2. The Chicago Manual of style
General Formatting:
Use readable font – Times New Roman or Courier
12 point font
Black font only
One inch margins
Page numbers placed in the top right corner of the page, in the header, and begin on the first page of text
Paragraphs are indented using the tab key
Text is left-justified

3. Language and wording Avoid flowery language – be concise
Use active voice
Try to avoid using the titles of articles, books, etc. in the body of your paper unless you are introducing a direct quote
Do not address the reader
Do not write in first person
Avoid bias – Be a detached observer

4. Writing Style Paragraph Structure:
Begin paragraphs with a topic sentence and controlling idea
Follow claims with evidence to support your topic sentence
End paragraphs with a concluding, “so what,” statement

5. Example
Topic Sentence
Alexander the Great was a successful ruler because his actions created long lasting effects on cultures that continue to the present day. One example of his legacy was the creation of a Hellenistic society. Hellenism was the combination of Greek, Persian, and Egyptian cultures. During this remarkable time period, people were encouraged to pursue a formal education and produce many different kinds of art. New forms of math, science, and design made a great impact on society. If this new way of life had not been as successful as it was, Alexander’s legacy would not be as memorable and groundbreaking. Because he conquered many countries and blended together many different cultures, Alexander the Great is widely recognized for his achievements and credited with being one of the greatest rulers in history.
Evidence with Claims
Concluding Sentence

6. What is Plagiarism? Why Cite the evidence?
A better question would be:
What is Plagiarism?
To plagiarize is to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own: use (another’s production) without crediting the source, according to Merriam-Webster.
Other reasons to cite include:
Ethical reasons, copyright laws, and courtesy

7. WHAT to cite
Sentences or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, scholarly journal article, website, etc.
Information from interviews or discussions with another person, whether face-to-face, over the phone, or in writing
Exact words or unique phrases
Reprints of any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials

8. WHAT not to cite
Your own analysis, observations insights, and conclusions about a subject
“Common knowledge"
Things like folklore
Common sense observations
Myths
Historical events (but not historical documents)
Aspects that are common knowledge in the field of study
Information that can easily be located in reference sources, like dictionaries

9. How to get information from your source to your Paper - Paraphrase
Restatements of written or spoken ideas, rewritten in your own voice
No more than a couple of sentences should be paraphrased at a time
Be careful to NOT change the original meaning of the idea you are paraphrasing
You must attribute the idea back to its original author

10. How to get information from your source to your Paper – Direct quote
Limit use of direct quotes - use them if you need to capture the authenticity of the an idea
Word-for-word copy of a written or spoken idea
Direct quotes MUST be enclosed in quotation marks

11. How to get information from your source to your Paper – Block Quote
Quotes that are at least 8 lines long OR over 100 words.
Block quotes do not require the use of quotation marks but do have special formatting requirements
Block quotes always start on a new line
Single spaced, unless your instructor requests double spacing throughout your paper
The entire quote should be indented .5 inches

12. Citations Have Two Parts
Note
Allow space for standard citation information, unusual sources, comments about that source, or tangential information
Notes are located in one of two places –
Bottom of the page on which the note appears – footnote
End of the paper or chapter but before the bibliography - endnote
2. A reference entry in the Bibliography
Contains all the information necessary for the reader to locate and examine the original source
Occurs at the end of a paper

13. Standard In-text citation, first use
Citation format:
Text text text, “quote quote quote.”1
_________________________________________
1. Author Name, Title of Work (Pub City: Publisher, Pub year), page number where quote appears.
Example
According to Buick, “Wilson begins with a deliberate oversimplification of stylistic modernism’s significance.”1
______________________
1. Kirsten P. Buick, Child of the Fire (Durham: Duke University Press, ), 174.

14. In-Text Citations – 2-4 Authors
Citation format:
Author Name, Author Name, and Author Name, Title of Work (Pub City: Publisher, Pub year), page number where information appears.
Example
Graffiti in support of the Patriot Act appeared in urban areas across the northeast.1
_________________________________________
1. Dipti Desai, Jessica Hamilton, and Rachel Mattson, History As Art Art As History: Contemporary Art and Social Studies Education (New York: Routledge, 2010), 99.

15. In-Text Citations – 4 or More Authors
Citation format:
Author Name et al., Title of Work (Pub City: Publisher, Pub year), page number where information appears.
Example
Some studies focus specifically on undergraduate perspectives of academic writing.1
_________________________________________
1. John Smith et al., Undergraduate Assessment (Washington D.C.: Department of Education, 1975), 53-9.

16. In-Text Citations – 2nd USE & after
For a single work cited multiple times in succession use a shortened citation
The study of librarian stereotypes is considered a discursive approach to the cultural studies that is “related to how language and representation produce meaning.”1 Stereotypes are organized and regulated by social practices that influence our behavior. Sadly, western culture believes librarians are their stereotypes.2
_____________
1. Simon Hall, Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (Los Angeles: Sage, 2014), 6
2. Hall, 25.

17. Bibliography formatting
Starts on a new page
Titled Bibliography – Not bold, not fancy, no colon:
Alphabetize by author surname
Do not change the order of the authors who wrote an article
Format with hanging indent rather than tabbing and spacing

18. Bibliographic Citations - Books
Author Surname, Author Name. Title of Text. Pub city: Publisher, Pub year.
Example
Buick, Kristen P. Child of Fire. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.

19. Bibliographic Citations – Edited Books
Author Surname, Author Name. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Text, edited by First M. Last Name, page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, date.
Example
Potter, Ginny W. and Molly Weasley. “Cats with Jumpers.” In Wizard Knits, edited by Luna Lovegood, Ottery St. Catchpole, England: Prophet Press, 2015.

20. Bibliographic Citations – Online Journals
Citation format - Online
Author Surname, Author Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal volume, edition number (Pub Year): pages. Doi: XXX .
Example:
Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree.” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): doi: /s
Access dates are not required, but you can add them before the doi if you want to include them
If you are unable to locate a doi use the article’s URL without the hyperlink

21. Bibliographic Citations - Journals
Citation format -
Author Surname, Author Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal volume, edition number (Pub Year): pages.
Example:
Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D Degree.” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007):

22. Bibliographic Entry – Web Sites
General Web Site:
Author, Owner, OR, Sponsor. Document Title. Date accessed. URL.
Example:
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Standards. September 17,
Page from website – no known author
“Title of Article.” Title of Website. Date accessed. Web address.
“Lost in Austin.” Texas College Towns. February 23,

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