1. Traditional Education

2. Dr. Martin Brokenleg Story
Characteristics
-Children treated with tremendous RESPECT  Seen as gifts from the creator
-“Takes a community to raise a child”
 everyone in the community had a responsibility to pass on knowledge
-Learning started at birth  life long process
-children given tasks and involved at a very early age
-HOLISTIC Learning:
spiritual emotional physical intellectual
-Very TOLERANT, less corrective  foster independence
Dr. Martin Brokenleg Story

4. Teaching Style -hands on -Apprenticeship based
 observation and practice
 guidance from an expert
-stories
-direct involvement

5. What was taught Survival Skills (hunting, weaving, fishing etc.)
Land and Resource knowledge
History of Territory / Family / Nation etc.
Traditional Knowledge of Ancestors
Also:
-respect, morals, independence, responsibilities

6. Educational Stages Child-Preteen: Adolescent: Early Adulthood:
-once physically able, children involved in duties
-observing, listening
Adolescent:
-Apprenticeship training begins
-puberty training begins
-gender roles and expectations are understood
Early Adulthood:
-passage of rites & ceremonies to mark adulthood
 Vision Quests – multiple days/nights secluded in nature
– seek spiritual guidance + connect to surroundings
 Coming of Age Ceremonies
–celebrate adulthood and purpose in community

7. Puberty Training -young men go to Elders for training
-process can take a year or longer
-tasks start out easy but get significantly harder as the year unfolds:
-fixing a fence in the summer  branding horses  gathering shale for pot holes  finding a tool in the middle of the night alone  building a sweat and using it for 10 straight days
-through this process youth gather knowledge, survival skills, discipline and spiritual guidance.