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Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies 10,000 – 1,000 BCE.
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Join us for the world tour!
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I know what you’re thinking!
STOP! I know what you’re thinking!
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Farming and complex societies?
Where did they come from? I thought we were still hunting and gathering!
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Farming and complex societies are the result of CHANGE…
…and changes have always been—and still are—part of human history.
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You will probably recall that life 200,000 years ago looked something like this.
Homo erectus doing lunch
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10,000 years ago, life looked more like this:
Homo sapiens at home
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Notice any changes? Would you say there were: (a) No changes?
Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago Would you say there were: Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago (a) No changes? (b) Some changes? (c) Lots of changes?
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If you said there were “(c) Lots of changes,” you are obviously one of the smartest kids EVER…
If, on the other hand, you chose “(a) No changes” or “(b) Some changes,” you must have been asleep when we discussed this era!
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Keeping those changes in mind, fast forward to the end of the next period of time we are studying. It’s now about 1,000 BCE.
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This is what the world looks like in 1,000 B.C.!!
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Notice any Differences? Quite a few, Huh?
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So, how did we get from… to
HERE HERE? to Jot down some notes on what events you think might have taken place between 10,000 and 1,000 BCE.
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One of the major changes is shown in this picture. It shows:
the DOMESTICATION of… animals and plants
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FARMING Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.
Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism? It resulted in the new way of living we know as FARMING (AGRICULTURE)… FARMING includes two things: PASTORALISM (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels), and…
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(cultivating domesticated plants)
and Crop-growing (cultivating domesticated plants) This led to the development of……
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FARMING COMMUNITIES
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This shift from hunting and gathering to farming, and the eventual settlement of people in to civilizations is known as the: NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
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Here is a clip of the way that early humans were able to make this switch.
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Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming
Eastern North America China Fertile Crescent Nile valley West Africa Mesoamerica New Guinea Ethiopia Andes Amazonia Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places, possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.
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Prior to farming, population size in any one area was limited
by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts. POPULATION INTENSIFICATION Farming and the large, relatively dependable crops it provides allowed for… That means population increases in certain areas. Population in those areas became both larger and denser.
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SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION
At the same time, farmers in some places were, in spite of population growth, able to produce SURPLUS food. What does SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION mean for a society?
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SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION…
…means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non-farming task.
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Job Specialization This is called… Men and women may become: Weavers
Stone Masons Potters Priests Scribes Traders Army officers
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So, let’s have a quick review of that last sequence of events.
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Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming Population Intensification Surplus Food Specialization Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION
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Civilizations have a number of elements in common.
You might want to make a note of these as we go along. Hint, hint!
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Civilization Can you define it? Did you catch that term? Remember it.
Write it down. Answer: A civilization is a complex society.
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Elements of civilization include:
1) Cities Mohenjo Daro It’s the law 2) Central governments And Law codes Hammurabi’s Law Code Pharaohs
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4) Highly organized religions
Elements of Civilization include: 1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes 3) Writing and record keeping Can you identify the society represented by each of these two writing samples? 4) Highly organized religions
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Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities 2) Central Governments and law codes 5) Specialized Jobs 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Full-time monk 6) Social Classes Assyrian slaves In Egypt
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Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes 7) Complex Technologies 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Chariot 5) Specialized jobs 6) Social classes Bronze Sword
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So, have you been paying attention
or doing a bit of day dreaming? Can you list some of the elements of a civilization? Let’s check! Clue: There were 7!
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Check your answers below:
Good job if your list includes: Check your answers below: 1. Cities 2. Central governments and law codes 3. Writing and record-keeping 4. Specialized jobs Social classes Complex technologies Highly organized religions Good job, huh?
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By 3,000 BC, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.
Are we supposed to be taking notes on this?
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By about 1000 BC, there were several well-established civilizations in Afroeurasia.
At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.
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let’s review the major changes.
Now, let’s review the major changes.
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Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming Population Intensification Surplus Food Specialization Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION
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Complex belief systems
That translates into: Farmers Herders Cities Central governments Armies Monumental buildings Written language Social hierarchies Complex belief systems In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.
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Not only has life changed culturally and technologically, but also the rate of change has accelerated. Letters and envelopes Writing Irrigation Wheel Pyramids Copper smelting Temple building Walled cities . Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticated Plow farming Alphabet Chariots Pottery 360-degree circle Sailing technology Law Codes Regular trade routes Today Big Eras 4-9 1k years ago Bow & arrow Art 200k yrs ago Language Calendars 10k years ago
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Make a few notes and discuss this question with your desk buddies.
What factors do you think might account for this increasing rate of change?
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