1. ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE
Expectations: D3.1, D3.2

2. Earth in the Universe

3. The Big Bang Universe began in an incredibly hot, dense
expansion approximately 13.7 billion years ago
A hot dense fireball spread outward quickly
Universe cooled, energy began turning into matter  mainly hydrogen
Over millions of years, matter formed clumps eventually forming stars and galaxies

4. Video (4min)

5. Galaxy Crash course Astronomy Galaxies #1 (12 min)
Collections of millions to hundreds of billions of stars, planets, gas and dust, up to ly across.
Our galaxy – the Milky Way is a Spiral or spinning pinwheel galaxy

6. Expanding Universe
All galaxies appear to be moving away from each other
The farther the galaxy  the faster it moves away.
Hubble made this discovery by studying the light emitted from galaxies.
Each galaxy had its own spectrum of light.
The light spectra was red shifted, meaning moving away.

7. Red Shift (see page 394)

8. Formation of the Solar System
Expectations: D3.1, D3.2

9. Solar Nebula Theory:
Solar system formed 5 billion years ago from a massive cloud of gas and dust (solar nebula) that began to contract.
Nebula contracted, spun, leading to frequent collisions of material
Grains stuck together to form larger objects pebbles/rocks/boulders
One of these dense massive clumps became a protostar which contracted increasing the temperature and pressure at the core

10. The Protostar’s counterclockwise spin was amplified causing the cloud to collapse thus spinning faster increasing temp and pressure until nuclear fusion began
A star is formed
Bodies farther away from core became planets

11. Inner planets Outer planets It is believed:
Blasted by radiation from sun & not much gravity to hold hot a atmosphere they became rocky.
Outer planets
Made of lighter gases (H & He) pushed away by solar wind
Farther from intense heat they were able to keep their gas
It is believed:
Sun is 5 billion years old
Planets 4.6 billion years old (proof: geological evidence of rocks age)

12. Evidence: planets orbit the sun in the same direction
planets are all on the same plane with sun in center
most planets rotate the same way,
terrestrial planets are closer than gas planets

13. journey to the edge of the universe(Alex Baldwin)