1. Chapter 15 THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The American Nation
4/1/2017
Chapter 15 THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Section 1: The Age of Invention
Section 2: The Rise of Big Business
Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize
CHAPTER 15--THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. Objectives: Section 1: The Age of Invention
How did the development of steel and oil refining affect U.S. industry?
What innovations were made in transportation?
How did innovations in communications technology change business practices and daily life in the United States?
How did Thomas Edison’s research laboratory change American life?

3. Oil refining Section 1: The Age of Invention
resulted in the production of kerosene for fuel and light
allowed the manufacturing of other petroleum products
helped machinery operate

4. Steel refining Section 1: The Age of Invention
provided a strong, cheap source of building material
allowed expansion of the railroad industry
allowed construction of more complex machines and taller buildings

5. Transportation innovations
Section 1: The Age of Invention
Transportation innovations
Railroads promoted western settlement, urban growth, and economic prosperity.
Automobiles became a substantial industry.
Airplanes introduced new possibilities.

6. Communications innovations
Section 1: The Age of Invention
Communications innovations
The telegraph allowed businesses to place long-distance orders quickly.
The telephone helped both businesses and individuals to be in contact.
The typewriter allowed the quick production of legible documents.

7. Thomas Edison’s research laboratory
Section 1: The Age of Invention
Thomas Edison’s research laboratory
the light bulb
the phonograph
early motion-picture camera

8. Objectives: Section 2: The Rise of Big Business
What arguments did business leaders and social critics make about the role of government in business?
How did business strategies change during the Second Industrial Revolution?
How did entrepreneurs take advantage of changes in business organization?
How did new methods of marketing products change American life?

9. Concerning government’s role in business
Section 2: The Rise of Big Business
Concerning government’s role in business
Business leaders:
Individuals should be self-reliant.
Businesses prosper most without government interference.
Government interference reduces self-reliance.
Social critics:
Factory life and poor working conditions harms workers.
All citizens should own all means of production.
Government assistance would prevent the best businesses from rising to the top.

10. New business strategies
Section 2: The Rise of Big Business
New business strategies
incorporation
vertical integration
horizontal integration
technological innovation

11. Entrepreneurs take advantage
Section 2: The Rise of Big Business
Entrepreneurs take advantage
Carnegie created corporations and used vertical integration to dominate the steel industry.
Rockefeller created corporations and used horizontal integration to dominate the oil industry.
Vanderbilt bought and consolidated many railroad lines.
Westinghouse and Pullman introduced and controlled new railroad technologies.

12. New marketing methods Section 2: The Rise of Big Business
use of brand names and special packaging
advertising
department stores
catalogs
chain stores

13. Objectives: Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize
Why did some Americans want trusts to be banned, and how did the government respond?
What types of working conditions did laborers face in the new age of rapid industrialization?
How did the Knights of Labor attempt to address the needs of many workers?
How did businesses react to strikes in the late 1800s, and how did this affect unions?

14. The banning of trusts Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize
desired because of belief that without competition, large monopolies would have do reason to maintain quality or keep prices low
not accomplished despite passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act

15. Working conditions Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize low pay
long hours
unsafe environments
possibility of racial discrimination

16. The Knights of Labor Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize
included both skilled and unskilled workers
included women and, later, African Americans
organized strikes, marches, and demonstrations
educated and organized workers

17. Strikes in the late 1800s Section 3: Labor Strives to Organize
Businesses responded with blacklists, yellow-dog contracts, lockouts, and violence.
Business tactics hurt many unions and caused skilled workers to break away from unskilled ones.