1. Anatomy and Physiology

2. Anatomy
Study of the structure of body parts

3. Physiology
Function of the body parts

4. Structure is always related to function

5. Levels of organization
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organisms

6. Body systems

7. Integumentary system Hair, Skin, and Nails Functions: 1. Protection
2. Vitamin D Synthesis
3. Cutaneous receptors

8. Skeletal System Bones, joints Functions 1. Protection of body organs
2. Aid in movement
3. erythropoesis
4. mineral storage

9. Muscular system Muscles Functions: 1. Movement 2. posture
3. Heat production

10. Lymphatic system Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen
Functions:
1. Houses white blood cells
2. Immune response

11. Respiratory system Lungs, windpipe, and nasal cavity Functions:
1. Gas exchange

12. Digestive System Esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine
Functions:
1. breakdown food
2. absorption of nutrients
3. elimination of waste

13. Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, and nerves Functions:
1. Fast response to stimuli

14. Endocrine Glands that secrete hormones Function:
1. Slow long lived responses

15. Cardiovascular System
Heart and blood vessels
Functions:
1. Blood transport

16. Urinary System Kidneys, bladder, ureter, and Urethra Functions:
1. Elimination of nitrogenous waste
2. Regulate water, electolyte, And pH of blood

17. Reproductive System Penis, Testis, prostrate gland (male)
Vagina, uterus, ovary (female)
Functions:
1. Production of offspring
2. Hormone production

18. Characteristics of Life

19. Homeostasis
Movement
Respond
Metabolism
Grow
reproduce

20. Homeostatic Controls

21. Negative Feedback Loop
Output of system shuts off original stimulus
Example: Fever

22. Positive Feedback
Response enhances original stimulus
Example: Labor

23. Language of anatomy

24. Anatomical Position Body erect Feet shoulder width apart
Palms face foreward

25. Directions terms Superior (cranial) – Toward the head
Inferior (caudal) – Toward the feet
Anterior (ventral) – Front of body
Posterior (dorsal) – Back of body
Medial – Toward midline
Lateral – Away from midline
Proximal – Closer to trunk
Distal- Away from trunk
Superficial – Toward body surface
Deep – Away from body surface

26. Regional Terms Axial – main axis of body Appendicular – appendages
Pg 14 of Marieb Anatomy and physiology

27. Body Planes Sagittal plane – divides body in right and left halves
Frontal plane – divide body into anterior
and posterior positions
Transverse plane – divide body into superior and inferior parts

29. Body Cavities Dorsal Body Cavity – cranial and spinal
Ventral Body Cavity
1. Thoracic cavity – contains heart and
lungs, and
mediastinum
2. Abdominopelvic Cavity -

30. Membranes Serous membrane – Lines body cavity
Visceral membrane – Covers organs
Both secrete fluid to reduce friction (serous fluid)

31. Abdominopelvic regions
Right and left hypochondriac
Right and left lumbar
Right and left iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical
hypogastric

32. Abdominopelvic quadrants
Right and left upper
Right and left lower