1. SNC2D- Plant and Animals Cells

2. The Cell Theory
All living organisms are composed of ______________________.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms.
All cells come from _______________
___________________________

3. Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
A cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
E.g. _______________
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles, each surrounded by a membrane
E.g. ___________________

4. Bacteria (Prokaryote)

5. Plant Cell ( Eukaryote)

6. Animal Cell (Eukaroyte)

7. All living things are made of cells
All living things are made of cells. Our bodies are made up of between 10 trillion (1013) and 100 trillion (1014) cells.
A cell is the basic unit of life. Each contains smaller parts called _____________________ . These organelles have special functions that maintain all the life processes of the cell, including:
In-take of nutrients
movement
Growth
Response to stimuli
Exchange of gases
Waste removal
Reproduction

8. …Another Role The main job of all cells is to make proteins
Different cells make different types
Protein production:
Ribosome 
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
Golgi Apparatus 
Final Destination of the Protein (may be outside of the cell)

9. Cell Organelles Organelle= “little organ”
Found only inside _________________
All the stuff in between the organelles ________
Everything in a cell except the nucleus is ________________
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

10. Cell Membrane Boundary of the cell Made of a ________________________
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

11. Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains _________
Surrounded by a double membrane
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
Usually one per cell
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

12. Cytoskeleton Acts as __________ and ______________
Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell
Made of three types of filaments
Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear membrane
Highway of the cell
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes ___________
Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes ______________
It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

14. That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?
Ribosome
Site of ___________ ________________
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
Produced in a part of the nucleus called the __________________
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.
That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?

15. Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of plates
Stores, modifies and packages proteins
Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of __________________
AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

16. Which organelles do lysosomes work with?
_____________ ______________of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.
Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

17. Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell”
Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
Bound by a ________ _________________
Has its own strand of DNA
Explain that this diagram shows the mitochondria cut open to reveal the internal membranes.

18. Chloroplast Found only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment __________
Site of food (_____________) production
Bound by a double membrane
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

19. Cell Wall Found in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (fiber)
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

20. What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?
Vacuoles
Large central vacuole usually in plant cells
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.
What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

21. Where else have we talked about microtubules?
Centriole
Aids in cell division
Usually found only in animal cells
Made of microtubules
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.
Where else have we talked about microtubules?