1. World Biomes
Follow along with your note packet to add notes as you watch the power point presentation.

2. Earth's most complex land biome
Tropical Rainforest
Location: Found near equator…little variation in temperatures. No distinct seasonal changes.
Earth's most complex land biome

3. Tropical Rainforest Abiotic factors high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing nutrients to be recycled.
<1 cm of topsoil
About 100 in/yr of rainfall

4. Tropical Rainforest Plant adaptations
Bougainvillea
Tropical Rainforest
Plant adaptations
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so thin and poor in nutrients
Little sun reaches the floor
Bangul Bamboo

5. Tropical Rainforest Animal Adaptations Silvery Gibbon
Many animals are specialists and require special habitat components to survive
Camouflage is common
Wagler’s pit viper
Many symbiotic relationships
Live in different levels of canopy
Slender Loris

6. Threats to the Tropical Rainforest
Humans strip the rainforests for uses including logging and cattle ranching.
In addition to the plants and animals that are displaced by this destruction, entire civilizations of people are also without a home.
You can help by promoting sustainable use of the rainforests’ products

7. Temperate Deciduous Forests
Temperate Deciduous Forests
Location:
found in temperate zone
(about 480 North latitude)
Much of the human population lives in this biome

8. Temperate Deciduous Forests Characterized by 4 seasons
Temperate Deciduous Forests
Abiotic Factors
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)

9. Temperate Deciduous forest Plant adaptations
Lady Fern
Temperate Deciduous forest Plant adaptations
More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight. Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in winter
White Birch
Birchhttp://
Deciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
Geulder Rose

10. Temperate Deciduous Forest Animal Adaptations
Bald Eagle
Temperate Deciduous Forest Animal Adaptations
Adapt to many seasons
Lose Winter Coat
Eat from different layers of the forest
Least Weasel
Fat Dormouse

11. Threats to Temperate Deciduous Forests
Many forests are cleared to provide housing for humans.
Careful use of the resource can provide a renewable system if we don’t take too much habitat away.

12. Taiga aka Northern Coniferous Forest or Boreal Forest
Location: Found only in Northern Hemisphere

13. Taiga Abiotic factors Winters are long and cold
Averages 100 in/yr precipitation—mostly snow
Soil poor in nutrients and very acidic
Growing season is very short
ecosystems_biomes/biomes_northern_forest.html

14. Taiga Plant adaptations
Balsam Fir
Fireweed
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees are abundant
Roots long to anchor trees
Needles long, thin and waxy
Low sunlight and poor soil keeps plants from growing on forest floor

15. Animal Adaptations of the Taiga
Moose
Animal Adaptations of the Taiga
Adapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat, insulation, etc.
Great Grey Owl

16. Threats to the Taiga
Mining operations can irreparably damage this fragile ecosystem.
Pollution left behind can also put animals and plants at risk.

17. Grasslands

18. Savannas (Tropical Grasslands)
Contain the greatest number of grazing animals on Earth.
Location: Found in the tropics…near equator
Amount of precipitation supports tall grasses but only occasional trees.
The word savanna stems from an Amerind term for plains

19. Tropical Savanna Abiotic Factors
Rainy and dry season
in/yr precipitation
Fire plays a large role in this ecosystem

20. Tropical Savanna Plant Adaptations
Whistling Thorn
Tropical Savanna Plant Adaptations
Umbrella Thorn Acacia
Grows in Tufts
Resistance to Drought
Many plants have thorns and sharp leaves to protect against predation.
Kangaroos Paws
Baobab

21. Tropical Savanna Animal Adaptations
Chacma Baboon
Tropical Savanna Animal Adaptations
Zebras
Reproduce during rainy season—ensures more young survive
Adapt for short rainy season—migrate as necessary Limited food leads to vertical feeding

22. Threats to the Tropical Savanna
Invasive species
Changes in fire management
Elephant
Because of their low elevation, some savannas are threatened by minor rises in sea level associated with global climate change
Koala

23. Prairie and Steppe: Grassland areas 50-75 cm/yr
Prairie and Steppe:
Grassland areas
50-75 cm/yr
Characteristic high winds

24. Sod-forming grasses that won’t dry out or blow away in wind.
Prairie Plant Adaptations
Sod-forming grasses that won’t dry out or blow away in wind.
Fleabane
Buffalo Grass

25. Many adaptations to survive extremes
Prairie Animal Adaptations
Many adaptations to survive extremes
Bobcat
Geoffrey’s cat
Prairie dog

26. Desert Ecosystems
Location: Depend-ing on type of desert, you will find them in various locations.

27. Desert Abiotic factors
<10 in/yr of rain
Little to no topsoil due to high winds.
Minerals not deep in soil
Too dry for decay
Usually very hot days and very cold nights
While there are many types of deserts, they all share one characteristic: They are the driest places on Earth!

28. Joshua Tree http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/desert_plant_page.htm
Barrel Cactus
Desert Plant Adaptations:
Spines
Succulents
Thick, waxy cuticle
Shallow, broad roots
Joshua Tree
Ocotollio

29. Desert Animal Adaptations: Get water from food Thick outer coat
Bob Cat
Desert Animal Adaptations:
Get water from food
Thick outer coat
Burrow during day
Large ears
Often are nocturnal
Smaller animals =
less surface area
Armadillo Lizard
Javelina

30. Threats to the Desert Residential development
Threats to the Desert
Residential development
Off road recreational activities destroy habitat for plants and animals.
Some plants are removed by collectors, endangering the population.
Dry Desert
Sonoran Desert

31. Tundra Location: Found north of the Arctic Circle

32. Tundra Abiotic Factors
<25 in/year
Temperature rarely higher than 100C
Permafrost layer
Short growing season

33. Tundra Plant Adaptations
Reindeer lichen
Tundra Plant Adaptations
Growing close to the ground
Having shallow roots to absorb the limited water resources.
Trees grow less than 1 m high!
cottongrass

34. Perennials Woody shrubs Heaths Examples of Tundra Plants

35. Tundra Animal Adaptations
snowy owl
Arctic fox
-Small ears -Insulation, thick coat
Tundra Animal Adaptations
Many visitors, migration Few predators Little Competition
Grizzly Bear

36. Threats to the Tundra One of the most fragile biomes on the planet
Tufted Saxifrage
Polar Bear
Oil drilling is proposed in Alaska and other areas!
The tundra is slow to recover from damage.

37. Water Biomes

38. Water Biomes The limiting factors in water biomes are:
Amount of salt (salinity)
Amount of dissolved oxygen
Sunlight
Food

39. 2 Types of Water Biomes
Freshwater
Saltwater

40. Flowing Freshwater Streams
The faster a stream flows the greater the amount of dissolved oxygen in it.
Faster water flows = oxygen

41. Flowing Freshwater Streams
The fish that live in streams are adapted to fast moving water

42. Flowing Freshwater Rivers
Water moves slower in a river and debris settles on the bottom.
Because of this, rivers tend to have more nutrients and less dissolved oxygen.
nutrients and oxygen

43. Flowing Freshwater
Rivers

44. Freshwater Ponds Small, shallow bodies of water
Sunlight penetrates all the way to the bottom
Most completely filled with plant material
Very high amount of nutrients

45. Freshwater
Ponds

46. Freshwater
Lakes

47. Water Biomes
Plankton are microscopic algae, plants, and other organisms that float on the surface of water biomes.
They need sunlight to survive.

48. Water Biomes Phytoplankton are important producers in water biomes.
They are the first step in many aquatic food chains

49. Saltwater Biomes
About 95% of the water on Earth has a high concentration of salt. (High salinity)

50. Saltwater Estuaries (Wetlands) Area where a river meets an ocean
Mix of salt and freshwater
Located near coastlines, border land
Extremely fertile
Nutrient levels are higher than both salt and freshwater

51. Saltwater
Estuaries
Chesapeake Bay

52. Saltwater Oceans 1. Photic zone- sunlight penetrates
Can be divided into 2 main life zones
1. Photic zone- sunlight penetrates
2. Aphotic zone- NO sunlight

53. Photic Zone- above 200m Made up of the euphotic & disphotic zones
Sunlight penetrates
Plant life and animal life is abundant

54. Aphotic Zone- below 200m
Many of the denizens of the deep ocean have a special adaptation known as bioluminescence