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Manir Ahammed Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Kolkata
नमस्ते Good Afternoon শুভ অপরাহ্ন (Namaste) (Subho Aparahanno) Exergy analysis of cryogenic delivery system of superconducting electron linac Manir Ahammed Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Kolkata
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About VECC Delhi 1500 km Kolkata 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Outlook Overview of the e-Linac Project Cryogenics @ e-linac
2/4/2019 Overview of the e-Linac Project e-linac Requirement & distribution Exergy Analysis Motivation Methodology Exergy and its loss Universal Entropy Generation Frictional pressure drop estimation Optimisation Results Layout Summary 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Overview of electron Linac
Phase-1 E-linac would be tested up to ICM at salt lake campus for 10MeV energy Operating Parameter: Frequency=1.3GHz Temperature: 2.1K Mode: CW Gradient: 10 MV/m Current: 2mA Capture Cryomodule Injector Cryomodule (ICM) 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Cryogenic with E-linac
ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi 2/4/2019
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Cryogenic with E-linac
LHe flow chart Requirement Gradient Unit 10MV/m 14MV/m From Dewar gm/s 6.9 9.9 4K cold return 1.5 Refrigeration load W 60 Liquefaction load 5.4 8.4 2K return 4.2 7.1 4K intercept 1.2 1.3 Lit/h 156 240 Equivalent refrigeration load for liquefaction 500 760 Equivalent total refrigeration load 560 820 Simplified P & ID 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Exergy analysis: Motivation
Bring Heat Leak and Frictional Pressure Drop into a same platform interm of EXERGY LOSS. (Not the cost!!!!!!) Effective use of available ENERGY. (as the energy source is limited!) How far minimizing length w.r.t BEND is effective? How to optimize DIAMETER. Estimate LOSS in exergy Trace out the components to be designed critically with respect to exergy loss. Estimate 2nd law of efficiency for energy transfer. Prepare exergy flow diagram. 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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What is Exergy? & What is Exergy loss?
Exergy analysis: Methodology What is Exergy? & What is Exergy loss? Maximum useful work that is possible to extract from a system during a process that brings it into equilibrium with the surrounding as heat reservoir or simply availability. 𝐄= 𝐀 𝟏 − 𝐀 𝟐 𝐀=𝚿− 𝚿 𝐨 ψ 𝟏 ψ 𝟐 W E 𝐄 𝐋𝐨𝐬𝐬 = 𝑻 𝒐 𝑺 𝟐 − 𝑺 𝟏 − 𝐓 𝐨 𝚫𝐒 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐫 𝐄 𝐋𝐨𝐬𝐬 = 𝑻 𝒐 𝜟𝑺 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒗 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Exergy analysis: Entropy Generation
Energy Balance 𝐝𝐐=𝐝 𝑯 𝒕𝒑 Entropy Generation 𝐝 𝑺 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒗 =𝐝 𝑺 𝒕𝒑 − 𝒅𝑸 𝑻 𝒐 Thermodynamic relation 𝐝 𝑯 𝒕𝒑 =𝐓𝐝 𝑺 𝒕𝒑 +𝐌 𝒗 𝒕𝒑 𝐝 𝑷 𝒇 𝐝 𝑺 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒗 = 𝒅𝑸 𝑻 − 𝒅𝑸 𝑻 𝒐 − 𝐌 𝒗 𝒕𝒑 𝐝 𝑷 𝒇 𝑻 𝐝 𝑺 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒗 = 𝝅𝑫𝒒 𝑻 − 𝝅𝑫𝒒 𝑻 𝒐 𝐝𝐲+ 𝐌 𝒗 𝒕𝒑 𝑻 − 𝐝 𝑷 𝒇 𝒅𝒚 𝐝𝐲 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Exergy analysis: Frictional Pressure drop
There are many correlations to estimate two-phase flow pressure drop Lockhart & Martinelli Bankoff Chawala Chisholm ( for bend) Friedel(preferred) Muller & Heck Moreno & Thome ( most accurate) Darcy-Weisbach's equation 2-phase flow multiplier 𝒅𝑷 𝒍 𝚽 𝒅 𝑷 𝒇 =𝟒 𝒇 𝒍 𝒅𝒚 𝑫 𝑴 𝒂 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝝆 𝒍 ∗𝐆+ 𝟑.𝟐𝟒𝐅𝐊 𝐅𝐫 𝐡 𝟎.𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝐑 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝚽 =𝐆+ 𝟑.𝟐𝟒𝐅𝐊 𝐅𝐫 𝐡 𝟎.𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝐑 𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝐅𝐫 𝐡 = ( 𝐌 𝐚 ) 𝟐 𝐠𝐃 𝛒 𝐭𝐩 𝟐 Why Friedel? Good for stratified flow. 𝑴 𝒂 <𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝒎𝟐.𝒔 𝛍 𝐥 𝛍 𝐯 ˂𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑮= (𝟏−𝐱) 𝟐 + 𝐱 𝟐 𝛒 𝐥 𝐟 𝐯 𝛒 𝐠 𝐟 𝐥 𝐑= ( 𝐌 𝐚 ) 𝟐 𝑫 𝛔𝛒 𝐭𝐩 𝐅= 𝐱 𝟎.𝟕𝟖 (𝟏−𝐱) 𝟎.𝟐𝟐𝟒 Both valid 𝑲= 𝝆 𝒍 𝝆 𝒗 𝟎.𝟗𝟏 ( µ 𝒗 µ 𝒍 ) 𝟎.𝟏𝟗 (𝟏− µ 𝒗 µ 𝒍 ) 𝟎.𝟕 𝜟𝑷 𝒕𝒑_𝒃 𝜟𝑷 𝑳_𝒃 =𝟏+ 𝝆 𝑳 𝝆 𝒈 −𝟏 𝟏+ 𝟐.𝟐 𝑲 𝑳 𝟐+ 𝑹 𝒃 𝒅 𝒙 𝟏−𝒙 + 𝒙 𝟐 𝜟𝒑 𝐋_𝒃 = 𝟏 𝟐 𝒇 𝒅 𝝆( 𝑴 𝝆𝒂 ) 𝟐 𝝅 𝑹 𝒃 𝑫 𝜽 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒐 + 𝟏 𝟐 𝑲 𝑳 𝝆( 𝑴 𝝆𝒂 ) 𝟐 For Bend
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Exergy analysis: Results and discussion
Exergy loss in different components He transfer line Cryogenic valves JT valves Field joint Bend Misc. Total (KW) Percentage loss E_loss_H (KW)a 6.54 1.99 0.425 1.54 0.074 2.1 12.669 90 E_loss_P (KW)b 0.06 0.01 1.225 0.02 0.016 1.331 10 6.6 2 1.65 1.56 0.090 14 Percentage loss(%) 47.1 14.3 11.8 11.1 0.6 15 2nd law efficiency for LN2:84% 2nd law efficiency for LHe:77.5% Mass Flux (G)<2500 kg/m2.s 2/4/2019 Exergy flow diagram chart
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Present layout 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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A National Facility for Unstable and Rare Isotope Beams
Summary ANURIB A National Facility for Unstable and Rare Isotope Beams Exergy analysis is carried out to get notion about localized exergy loss. Accordingly layout for Cryogenic Delivery System has been carried out to maximize the 2nd law efficiency of thermodynamics. It is being advocated to optimize CDS with varying temperature to avoid being critical on the high temperature part. In a positive note, hope these efforts in accumulation will ushered us to build our flagship project “ANURIB”. 2/4/2019 ICEC26-ICMC2016, Delhi
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Thank you ! ধন্যবাদ (Dhanyabad) धन्यवाद
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