1. Metals and their uses Mild Steel Stainless Steel High Speed Steel
Cast Iron
Aluminium
Duralumin
Copper
Brass
Lead
Tin
Zinc

2. All metals fall within two groups
Pure Metals Alloys
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Lead
Zinc
Tin
Gold
(a mixture of two or more materials)
Brass ( Copper & Zinc)
Steel (Iron & Carbon)
Cast Iron (Iron & Carbon)
Duralumin (Aluminium & Copper)
Bronze (Copper, Tin, Phosphorus)
High Speed Steel (Tungsten, Chromium, Carbon, Vanadium & Molybdenum)

3. These metals can be further subdivided
Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals
(Containing Iron) (Containing No Iron)
Copper
Aluminium
Lead
Zinc
Tin
Gold
Brass
Duralium
Bronze
Iron
Steel
Cast Iron
HSS

4. Steel and its uses
Steel is the most commonly used metal and is used in everything from Sewing needles to Skyscrapers
HMS Ark Royal
AHS Library
Advantages:
Low Cost, High Strength & Easy to work with.
Disadvantages:
Rusts
The Golden Gate Bridge

5. Steel Back Rod Bar (Flat & Square) Sheet
Steel is also available in Tube, Hex bar, Angle Iron, and Girders
In the school workshop we have the following types of Steel

6. Stainless Steel and its uses
Back
Stainless Steel is a mixture of Steel, and Chromium
HMS Ark Royal
Cutlery
The pinnacle of New York's Chrysler Building is clad with stainless steel
Advantages:
Does not rust
Disadvantages:
Surgical Instruments
More difficult to Join tan ordinary Mild Steel

7. High Speed Steel HMS Ark Royal Saw Blades Drills Advantages:
Cutting Tools
Hard, it can withstand higher temperatures without losing its temper (hardness).
High Speed Steel is a material usually used in the manufacture of machine tool bits and other cutters
Disadvantages:
Back
Brittle,

8. Cast Iron and its uses Back
Cast Iron is a mixture of 98% Iron and 2% Carbon.
Cast Iron Fence
Vices
Advantages:
Low Cost, Casts well, High Strength (under compression)
Disadvantages:
Rusts, Brittle, Difficult to join, Low Strength (under tension)
Pans
Engine Blocks

9. Aluminium and its uses Audi A8 The Kilean Advantages: Disadvantages:
From aluminum pioneer to volume production: Audi has now built more than 150,000 vehicles with aluminum body - including over 93,000 Audi A8 and just under 57,000 A2 models.
The Kilean
The Kilean is a mussel farm boat operating in Loch Spelve on the Island of Mull. Built in 1999
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile & Does not corrode, Low melting point (660 C)
Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld
Back

10. Aluminium Extrusion Bar (rectangular and square) Ingots Rod Sheet
In the school work shop we have the following types of aluminium
Back

11. Duralumin and its uses Back Advantages:
Duralumin is often used for aircraft cladding
Duralumin is an alloy of 96% Aluminum and 4% Copper. The copper being added to strengthen the aluminum
Advantages:
Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile & Does not corrode to any great extent, Low melting point (660 C)
Disadvantages:
Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld
Jet engine impellers

12. Copper and its uses Wire Pots & Pans Gutters Advantages:
Copper is one of the oldest metals known to man. The earliest known copper article is a pendant dating from 9000 BC in Asia Minor. Copper gradually became more plentiful as ancient man learnt how to produce copper from copper ore. The discovery of alloying copper and tin to make bronze (the first ever alloy) was a major step forward because bronze is harder, tougher and stronger than copper
Advantages:
Malleable, Ductile, Good Conductor of heat & electricity, Does not corrode to any great extent
Disadvantages:
High Cost & Rather soft

13. Copper Bar (rectangular and square) Rod Sheet
In the school work shop we have the following types of copper
Back

14. Brass and its uses Hardware
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is used extensively in the production of maritime fixtures and fittings (screws, hinges etc)
Ornaments
Advantages:
Ductile & Does not corrode to any great extent
Disadvantages:
Musical Instruments
High Cost & Brittle if cold worked
Woodscrews

15. Brass Bar (rectangular and square) Rod Sheet
In the school work shop we have the following types of brass
Back

16. Lead and its uses Back Roofing Materials Advantages:
Fishing Weights
Lead is often used in batteries, Radiation shields around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, Used to contain corrosive liquids & For ammunition.
The Romans used lead for plumbing (the decline of the Roman empire is attributed to lead in the water supply!)
Roofing Materials
Advantages:
Malleable, Ductile, Easy to work & Does not corrode to any great extent
Disadvantages:
Heavy & Rather soft
Stain Glass Windows

17. Tin and its uses Advantages:
Tin Cans
(Not actually made from Pure tin but Mild steel sheet coated in a thin layer of tin)
Solder (Lead Tin alloy)
Advantages:
Tin is seldom used in its pure form but is often added to other metals to form Alloys such as bronze, bell metal, Babbitt metal, die casting alloy, pewter, phosphor bronze, soft solder,
Does not corrode
Disadvantages:
Heavy & Rather soft, Expensive
Back

18. Zinc and its uses Back Advantages: Does not corrode Disadvantages:
American Cents are made form a Zinc rich alloy
The most common use for Zinc is galvanising, This is the process of dipping mild steel in a tank of molten Zinc, this provides a corrosion resistant coating
Galvanized Steel Bucket
Zinc is also used for sacrificial anodes on the hull of steel boats
Advantages:
Does not corrode
Disadvantages:
Heavy & Rather soft, Expensive

19. Glossary of Terms Malleable: Ductile: Brittle: Hardness: Toughness:
Malleability is the ability of a material to be hammered or rolled without cracking. Very few metals have good malleability when cold, but most are malleable when heated to a suitable temperature.
Ductile:
A ductile material is one which can easily be drawn out into thin wire.
Brittle:
A Brittle material may resist a steady force but fail easily when subject to a sharp blow.
Hardness:
Hardness is defined as a resistance to indentation or scratching.
Toughness:
Tough materials resist fracture by blows.

20. The End