2. 1 Heating and Cooling of Structure Observations by Thermo Imaging Camera during the Cardington Fire Test, January 16, 2003 Pašek J., Svoboda J., Wald F. Technical University in Prague has produced this lesson with the support of the EU Fifth Framework project No. CV 5535 Tensile membrane action and robustness of structural steel joints under natural fire.

3. 2 Fin Plate Connection before the Experiment

4. 3 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = 26 min. con,ø = 275 °C In 26 min. of fire is temperature of the structure under 400°C.

5. 4 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 28T con,ø = 330 °C t = 28 con,ø = 330 °C t = 26 min. con,ø = 275 °C

6. 5 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 30T con,ø = 390 °C By heating is connection colder compare to connected beam t = 30 min. con,ø = 390 °C

7. 6 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 32T con,ø = 440 °C t = 32 min. con,ø = 440 °C By heating is connection colder compare to connected beam

8. 7 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 34T con,ø = 480 °C t = 34 min. con,ø = 480 °C

9. 8 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 36T con,ø = 520 °C Buckling of beam lower flange t = 36 min. con,ø = 520 °C

10. 9 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 38T con,ø = 565 °C t = 38 min. con,ø = 565 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

11. 10 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 40T con,ø = 590 °C t = 40 min. con,ø = 590 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

12. 11 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 42T con,ø = 645 °C t = 42 min. con,ø = 645 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

13. 12 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 44T con,ø = 660 °C t = 44 min. con,ø = 660 °C Buckling of beam lower flange

14. 13 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 46T con,ø = 685 °C t = 46 min. con,ø = 685 °C

15. 14 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 48T con,ø = 710 °C t = 48 min. con,ø = 710 °C

16. 15 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 50T con,ø = 730 °C t = 50 min. con,ø = 730 °C

17. 16 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 52T con,ø = 775 °C t = 52 min. con,ø = 775 °C

18. 17 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 54T con,ø = 810 °C t = 54 min. con,ø = 810 °C

19. 18 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 56T con,ø = 835 °C The maximal temperature of 1088 °C of secondary beam was reached by its lower flange in 57 min. t = 56 min. con,ø = 835 °C

20. 19 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 0 h 58T con,ø = 855 °C t = 58 min. con,ø = 855 °C

21. 20 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 00T con,ø = 880 °C t = 60 min. con,ø = 880 °C

22. 21 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 02T con,ø = 900 °C Maximal temperature of fin plate connection 908,3°C was reached in 63 min. t = 62 min. con,ø = 900 °C

23. 22 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 04T con,ø = 885 °C t = 64 min. con,ø = 885 °C

24. 23 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 06T con,ø = 860 °C t = 66 min. con,ø = 860 °C

25. 24 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 08T con,ø = 840 °C t = 68 min. con,ø = 840 °C

26. 25 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 10T con,ø = 820 °C t = 70 min. con,ø = 820 °C

27. 26 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 12T con,ø = 800 °C t = 72 min. con,ø = 800 °C

28. 27 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 14T con,ø = 790 °C t = 74 min. con,ø = 790 °C

29. 28 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 16T con,ø = 770 °C t = 76 min. con,ø = 770 °C

30. 29 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 18T con,ø = 755 °C t = 78 min. con,ø = 775 °C

31. 30 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 20T con,ø = 745 °C t = 80 min. con,ø = 745 °C

32. 31 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 22T con,ø = 740 °C t = 82 min. con,ø = 740 °C

33. 32 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 24T con,ø = 730 °C t = 84 min. con,ø = 730 °C

34. 33 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 26T con,ø = 720 °C t = 76 min. con,ø = 720 °C

35. 34 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 28T con,ø = 710 °C t = 78 min. con,ø = 710 °C

36. 35 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 30T con,ø = 690 °C t = 90 min. con,ø = 690 °C

37. 36 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 32T con,ø = 680 °C t = 92 min. con,ø = 680 °C

38. 37 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 34T con,ø = 670 °C t = 94 min. con,ø = 670 °C

39. 38 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 36T con,ø = 650 °C t = 96 min. con,ø = 650 °C

40. 39 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 38T con,ø = 640 °C t = 98 min. con,ø = 640 °C

41. 40 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 40T con,ø = 635 °C t = 100 min. con,ø = 635 °C The connection is warmer compare to the connected beam by cooling of the structure, but never reached the beam maximal temperature.

42. 41 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 42T con,ø = 620 °C t = 102 min. con,ø = 620 °C The connection is warmer compare to the connected beam by cooling of the structure, but never reached the beam maximal temperature.

43. 42 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 44T con,ø = 600 °C t = 104 min. con,ø = 600 °C The connection is warmer compare to the connected beam by cooling of the structure, but never reached the beam maximal temperature.

44. 43 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 46T con,ø = 585 °C t = 106 min. con,ø = 585 °C

45. 44 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 48T con,ø = 560 °C t = 108 min. con,ø = 560 °C

46. 45 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 50T con,ø = 540 °C t = 110 min. con,ø = 540 °C

47. 46 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 52T con,ø = 520 °C t = 112 min. con,ø = 520 °C

48. 47 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 54T con,ø = 505 °C t = 114 min. con,ø = 505 °C

49. 48 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 56T con,ø = 485 °C t = 116 min. con,ø = 585 °C

50. 49 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 1 h 58T con,ø = 470 °C t = 118 min. con,ø = 470 °C

51. 50 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 2 h 00T con,ø = 450 °C t = 120 min. con,ø = 450 °C

52. 51 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 2 h 02T con,ø = 435 °C t = 122 min. con,ø = 435 °C

53. 52 400,0°C 980,0°C 400 600 800 t = t 0 + 2 h 04T con,ø = 420 °C After two hours of a natural fire is temperature of the structure under 400°C. t = 124 min. con,ø = 420 °C

54. 53 Fin plate connection after the experiment

55. 54 Temperature Differences Measured by Thermocouples Maximal temperature of fin plate by 4th bolt 908 °C in 63 min.

56. 55 Measured 908 °C in 63 min.; predicted 878 °C in 53 min. Prediction by prEN 1993-1-2: 2004

57. 56 Pašek J., Svoboda J., Wald F. Technical University in Prague has produced this lesson with the support of the EU Fifth Framework project No. CV 5535 Tensile membrane action and robustness of structural steel joints under natural fire. Thank you for your Attention