1. Sponges & Cnidarians

2. Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates: no backbone; 95% of animals
Vertebrates: have a backbone

3. What Animals Do to Survival
Feeding – ingest or eat food
Respiration – O2  CO2
Circulation – Diffusion or Circulatory System
Excretion – ammonia
Response – nervous system
Movement
Reproduction

4. Early Development Blastula – zygote  hollow ball of cells
Blatopore – inner tube
Protostome – balstopore  mouth
Invertebrates
Deuterostome – blastopore  anus
Echinoderms & Vertebrates
Endoderm – inner layer; digestive & respiratory
Mesoderm – middle layer; muscles & circulatory
Ectoderm – outer layer; sense organs, nerves, & skin

6. Body Symmetry
Radial Symmetry – any number of plans can be drawn through the center to divide the body into equal halves
Bilateral Symmetry – only a single plane can divide the body into equal halves
Asymmetrical – no plans can divide the animal into equal halves

7. Sponges
Asymmetrical
The movement of water through the sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, & excreation
Spicule - skeleton is made of chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica

8. Cnidarians Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals
Stinging tentacles around their mouth
Body symmetry and specialized tissue
Their sting releases poisons that paralyze or kill their prey

9. Cnidarians Life Cycle: includes polyp & medusa
Feeding: Gastrovascular Cavity
A digestive chamber where food enters & waste exists
Respiration, Circulation, & Excretion: diffusion

10. Cnidarians Response – specialized sensory cells
Movement – hydrostatic skeleton or jet propulsion
Reproduction – external fertilization

11. Groups of Cnidarians
Jelly Fish, Hydras, Sea Anemones, & Coral