1. II. Organelles
Special structures that perform necessary functions of the cell
Tiny organs. Just like organs in your body you need them to function properly or else it will DIE.

2. Cells

3. The Cytoplasm Cell= cyto plasm= fluid
Jelly-like material which contains materials in cell.
Gives the cell its shape and support
Allows for cell movement
e.com/watch?v=Pv Z3cjY52O0

4. The Nucleus Chromatin Controls the cell ( the brain)
Serves as the control center of the cell
and contains Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Nuclear membrane – Control what goes in or out of the Nucleus.

5. The Nucleus and The Nucleolus
Nucleolus- Contains RNA where ribosome are made
Animal, Plant and Eukaryotes have these two organelles
Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up Chromosomes which are coiled up bodies of DNA
Humans have 46 chromosomes
in each cell or 23 pairs

6. 23 pairs of chromosomes that vary in size (Karyotype)

7. Ribosomes Grain like Structures
Sites of protein synthesis (makes proteins)
Protein factories
e.com/watch?v=5- f8AfEvsCQ

8. The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports materials throughout the cell.
Rough ER contains Ribosome's. makes proteins
Smooth ER has no Ribosomes makes lipids, breaks down toxins
Transports materials throughout the cell.

9. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body)
Modifies and packages proteins so that they can be sent to the proper location within the cell.

10. Golgi Bodies/Vesicles
Modifies, packages, and secretes the proteins made by the Ribosome's.
Look like stacks of pancakes.
atch?v=eH5k8XYKycs

11. Pinocytotic Vesicle
vesicle that contains a fluid or solute being thatis ingestedinto a cellthroughendocytosis

12. Lysosomes Powerful chemicals that break things down.
breaks down larger food molecules into smaller ones. Digests old cell parts
m/watch?v=ekdIEpSf-1I

13. Plant Amyloplast
Amyloplast– degradation and synthesis of starch ( kind of like a lysosome breaks down starch a type of sugar)

14. Vacuoles Plays a role in intercellular digestion Store food and water.
Are much larger in plant cells. (large central vacuole)

15. Plant Vacuole stores water and other substances
Memorization technique - like vaccum

16. The Mitochondria Power House of The Cell.
Makes ATP/ Energy via cellular respiration
These organelles are more plentiful in active cells

17. Chloroplasts
uses sunlight energy to make sugar (glucose) in photosynthesis (In plant cells – works with mitochondria)
If we had these you wouldn’t need to go to the grocery store or eat at all.
Just lie in the sun and your full!

18. The Centrioles separate chromosome pairs during mitosis
Centrioles produce Microtubules that pull chromosomes apart.
Microtubles - also gives the cell structure. It makes up the cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization,
provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

19. Centrosomes Found in both plants (simpler version) and animal cells
the main organizing center of the microtubules
Involved in cell division
In animal cells It makes the centrioles
my/lesson/centrosome- definition-function- quiz.html

20. The Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
Is selectively and differentially permeable.
Is made of a phospho-lipid bi-layer.
Helps maintain the shape of the cell.
Maintains homeostasis

21. Prokaryote Have no formed nucleus Are unicellular
Are very disorganized.
Have a cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, bacteria have cell membrane
Bacteria are prokaryotes

22. Eukaryote Have a Nucleus Have cell membrane bound organelles
Are very organized.
Can be singular or multi-cellular.
Have these other organelles; nuclei, mitochondrion, lysosome, golgi apparatus, ribosomes

23. Plant Cells Have two main differences from animal cells
1. Cell wall = a tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds a cell
2. Chloroplasts = organelles found in plant and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis

24. Cell Wall
Surrounds the cell membrane Provides support and structure Only in plant cells
Plant do not have skeletons - no bones, yet there are trees bigger than us. Because of the cell walls that add support.

25. YOU TALK
How do the structures and processes of the cell work together to maintain homeostasis?
2. How does the structure of the cell wall contribute to its function?
3. Why can’t animal cells make their own food?
4. What do animal cells have to have or be able to do in the absence of a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall?