1. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) Session # 25

2. Nonaka SECI Model* For Organizational K. Creation / Innovation
Socialization Externalization
TACIT
EXPLICIT
Collaboration - Share K Capture - Write Report
From
Internalization Combination
Integrate K in Report Transfer K To
TACIT EXPLICIT
* The Knowledge Creating Company, 1995.

3. Knowledge
Creation/Generation in
Organizations!
SECI
Process

4. Tacit Knowledge
Explicit Knowledge TO
Tacit Knowledge
FROM
Explicit Knowledge

5. Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge TO Tacit Knowledge FROM
1. SOCIALIZATION Observe, Practice, Experience
2. EXTERNALIZATION
Explicit Knowledge
4. INTERNALIZATION
3. COMBINATION

6. Socialization
Process of creative dialogue to achieve shared experience
Example: - ABC’s brain storming team
- XYZ ’s software engineers experiencing intelligent bread making BAKERY - Product Development Team
- Critical success factor: Mutual Trust

7. Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge TO Tacit Knowledge FROM
1. SOCIALIZATION
2. EXTERNALIZATION
Articulate, Express, Convert (mental images into metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypothesis, models, codes etc.)
Explicit Knowledge
4. INTERNALIZATION
3. COMBINATION

8. Externalization Process of articulation
“Metaphors create novel interpretation of experience by asking the listener to see one thing in terms of something else.”
- “Automobile Evolution” is used by the product development team. The team viewed automobile as an organism and sought its ultimate form.
Analogy helps us understand the unknown through the known - Analogy of a bear can and a copier drum led to development of a low cost disposable cartridge (Mini-Copier concept) - Analogy of a concept called “man-maximum, machine-minimum” and a sphere led to the concept of a tall and short car, Fridge vs E-Learning

9. Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge FROMTO
Tacit Knowledge
FROM
1. SOCIALIZATION
2. EXTERNALIZATION
Explicit Knowledge
4. INTERNALIZATION
3. COMBINATION Systemize, Link, Synthesize, Reconfigure (explicit knowledge in different media and sources such as documents, telephone conversation, computerized communication networks etc.)

10. Combination
Process of reconfiguring through sorting, adding, categorizing, synthesizing
Various analyzing approaches
- ABC company analyzes its POS data to find new knowledge about its customer via Data-mining and other techniques
Synthesis between grand concepts and mid-range concepts - Grand concept “Live Drink for Live People” combined with a midrange product concept of “Richness and Sharpness” led to the development of the Energy Drink - “Creation of an excellent company by transcending the camera business” combined with mid-range product concept “easy maintenance” led to Mini-Copier Cameras to Printers

11. Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge FROMTO
Tacit Knowledge
FROM
1. SOCIALIZATION
2. EXTERNALIZATION
Explicit Knowledge
4. INTERNALIZATION Re-experience, Embody (the explicit by reading documents, report, by listening to stories, experimenting to increase the scope of knowledge)
3. COMBINATION

12. Internalization Process of embodying
XYZ ’s Product Development Team read explicit transcripts of customers complaints to re-experience the experience of company’s telephone operators
Listening to ‘story’ telling
- Listing to success stories to simple chat with telephone operators, field people etc. - Expanding bodily experience by extending and experimenting with the scope of explicit knowledge
● working in teams of people with different experiences ● using a prototype

13. Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge FROMTO
Tacit Knowledge
FROM
1. SOCIALIZATION Observe, Practice, Experience
2. EXTERNALIZATION
Articulate, Express, Convert (mental images into metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypothesis, models, codes etc.)
Explicit Knowledge
4. INTERNALIZATION
Re-experience, Embody (the explicit by reading documents, report, by listening to stories, experimenting to increase the scope of knowledge)
3. COMBINATION Systemize, Link, Synthesize, Reconfigure (explicit knowledge in different media and sources such as documents, telephone conversation, computerized communication networks etc.)

14. Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge “Ba” Externalization

15. The Four Characteristics of Ba
Socialization
Externalization
Face-to-face
Peer-to-peer
Originating Ba
Interacting Ba
Existential
Reflective
On-the-site
Group-to-group
Exercising Ba
Cyber Ba
Synthetic
Systemic
Internalization
Combination