1. Ancient Greek Society
Sparta v. Athens

2. Ancient Greek Society Early Greek society was broken into two groups
Free people
Adult males; usually wealthy and landowners
Considered to be citizens w/ rights and responsibility for civic participation in the city-state
Slaves
Not based on race/color
Had no political rights and were the property of the wealthy
Women and foreigners have no political rights
Women rarely seen in Greek public life

3. Daily Life in Greece Daily life very different for men, women & slaves
For Men – life based around the agora
Expected to participate in conversation of the city
Expected to serve in military and be educated
For women – life based in the home
Not expected to be educated
Expected to stay in the home and tend to children
For Slaves – life based on doing daily chores
Expected to run the errands of the home
Expected to protect the family while men are away

4. Forms of Government Many different ways to govern a city-state
Monarchy – ruling by a king or queen (usually king)
1st way most Greek city states were ruled
Aristocracy – rule by small group of wealthy land owners
Usually gained power and land from a former king
Oligarchy – rule by a few powerful people
Usually military leaders or a person with a strong army
Tyranny – rule by one very powerful person
Usually came to power by appealing to the poor and starting a revolution against the rich

5. The Emergence of Sparta
Spartan society was far different from Athens
Was located on the Peloponnesus peninsula
Spartans took over lands near them to expand their empire for food
People conquered forced to
work their own land- called helots
Helots revolted and almost
defeated Spartans
Due to revolt the Spartans
build a strong military state

6. Spartan Government Spartan government was an oligarchy
Rule by a few strong military leaders
Two powerful kings ruled Sparta at all times
Under the kings were two other groups
The assembly – free adult males & elected officials
Voted on the major issues of Sparta
Council of Elders – those who were elder statesmen
Proposed and carried out the approved laws of Sparta
Also in charge of education and the court system

7. Spartan Society
Upper Class – those who were family of the original people of Sparta (original land owners)
Citizens usually had to pass a physical test to become a citizen
If a person failed they became a Middle Class citizen
Middle Class – non-citizens but were free people
People worked industrial or commerce jobs (building/selling)
Lower Class – Helots – those forced to work their own land, but conquered by Spartans
Were seen as just slightly better than slaves (farmers mainly)
Slaves – those who were owned by wealthy land owners of the Upper Class
Did the chores of the home, etc.

8. Spartan Society (cont’d)
Women held a higher status in Sparta v. Athens
If they passed a physical test they were citizens too
Able to be seen in society if a citizen
Other Greek city-states questioned this role
Spartan Babies
Babies that were thought to be unfit would be left on mountaintops or tossed away by the father
Unfit babies includes:
Deformed, undersized, or anything not considered strong

9. Spartan Education Education differed for males and females
Women were given some education in Sparta
For the boys – life centered on military training
Around age 7 boys would be taken to a barracks
Training would last for next years
Heads were shaved and their clothes and food was sparse
Trained to fight, kill and always put Sparta before self
For the girls – education involved many things
Girls taught to run, wrestle and play sports
Also focused on placing Sparta before themselves
Neither boys or girls focused on the arts, or other skills such as orating (speaking)

10. The Emergence of Athens
Located on the Balkan peninsula
Was controlled by the Mycenaeans until they were weakened by the Trojan War
Was first ruled by a monarchy
Later switched to aristocracy
Rule by a few rich landowners
For a short period of time
they were under tyranny
Eventually they created a
limited democracy

11. The Athenian Democracy
Athenians created a democracy to avoid a war
Problems b/w rich and poor were growing
Same problems were similar all through Greece
Solon and Cleisthenes both help reform Athens
Only free adult males were part of democracy
Makes it a limited democracy- limited people
Also a direct democracy- people vote, majority rules
Women, foreigners, slaves not allowed to vote
Not given citizenship or rights either

12. Athenian Society
Athenian society was based on education, arts and knowledge
Society had 2 classes based on wealth/land
Citizen Class- those who owned land and were able to vote and participate in the government
Non-citizen Class- all non-land owners, slaves and foreign people in the city-state of Greece
Women had no rights to vote and mainly stayed in the home to deal with cooking, cleaning, children
Could be a citizen if her husband was, but could not vote

13. Athenian Education Education in Athens was the most important
Focused on reading, writing, math, and speaking
Also focused on philosophy and music
For the boys-
Boys were taught from age 6-7 in the arts at schools
Went to 4 additional years of school around age 18
Were expected to serve 2 years in the military
For the girls-
Girls were taught to read and write at home
Also taught how to weave, cook , etc.

14. Sparta v. Athens Neither area like the other
Both thought they were better than the other
Sparta had the stronger Army
Athens had the stronger Navy
Athens had the smarter, more rounded people
Sparta had the better fighters
Women had a larger role in Sparta and could be citizens- if they passed the physical test
Women of Athens were only citizens if husband was