1. Ancient Greece: Rise of Democracy (500’s BCE)

2. What is a city state? Greece = a collection of city-states (polis)
City and the agricultural land around it
Shared a common culture and identity
There was not one ruler for all the Greek city states
Instead, each city state would have their own government

3. Governments Government = a system for controlling society
Styles of government in Greece
Monarchy- a single person (king) ruled in a gov’t
Rule is herditary
Some rulers claim divine right

4. Aristocracy Gov’t ruled by a small group of noble landowning families
Rule is hereditary
Based on wealth

5. Oligarchy
rule by a few powerful people
Rules is based on wealth or ability
Ruling group controls military

6. Democracy- rule by the people
Rule is based on citizenship
Majority rule decides vote

7. Social Grouping in the city-states
3 GROUPS
citizens= adult males who had political rights
Females with not no political rights= lack of citizenship and equal protection of the laws
Foreigners= slaves= no political rights= 25% of the population

8. City States were often in conflict with one another
Two main city states: ATHENS and SPARTA

10. SPARTA Government Oligarchy- headed by two kings Militaristic society
State is above the individual

11. SPARTA
Culture:
Boys were taken from parents at age seven and trained in the art of warfare.
They were only given a cloak - no shoes or other clothes, and not enough food so they had to steal
They were educated in some reading and writing, but athletics and military training were emphasized
To age 30 they were dedicated to the state

12. Spartan Women
Girls were educated at age 7 in some reading and writing,
Taught gymnastics, athletics and survival skills (these were the most important skills).
Could participate in sports
The goal was to produce women who would produce strong healthy babies.
At age 18 she would be assigned a husband.
Treated more as equals than the women in Athens.

13. ATHENS

14. Athens Greek City-State 510 the world’s first democracy was created
DIRECT DEMOCRACY= PEOPLE DIRECTLY VOTE ON LAW OF THE COUNTRY

15. Pericles- led Athens from 461-429 BCE
Allowed greater citizens participation in gov’t
Athens evolved into a direct democracy

16. Culture of Athens
Schools taught reading, writing and mathematics, music, poetry, sport and gymnastics.
education was from the age of 5 to 14, for the wealthier
sometimes into a student's mid-twenties in an academy where they would also study philosophy, ethics, and rhetoric

17. Culture of Athens
citizen boys entered a military training camp for two years, until the age of twenty
Girls received little formal education. The education of a girl involved spinning, weaving, and other domestic art.
Wives were considered property of their husbands.
Some women held high posts in the ritual events and religious life of Athens

18. Culture of Athens
Famous for: Art, architecture, drama and literature, philosophy, science, medicine and most of all, government.

19. Culture of Athens Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.)
looking at disease as something that occurred naturally, instead of coming from the gods.
He also believed that doctors should observe symptoms to determine how to treat a patient.

20. The Wars with Persia

21. Battle of Marathon When:490 B.C.
Why: Athens helped the Greek city-state, Ionia, revolt against the Persian empire
What: Persia (King Darius) attacks Athens
Outcome: Athens won, which allowed Greece to remain free
One of the most important Greek battles

22. War with Persia Again
Xerxes, king of Persia, wanted to continue the war with Athens his father (King Darius I) had started
Greek City States unite- Athens asks Sparta for help

24. Battle of Thermopylae-480 B.C.
Famous battle – 300 Spartans vs Persians
There were actually other Greek soldiers, Thespians, that fought with the 300 Spartans
200,000-2 million Persians

27. The Greeks killed many Persians, including two of Xerxes' brothers
The Greeks killed many Persians, including two of Xerxes' brothers. In this final stand, King Leonidas was eventually killed; rather than surrender, the Spartans fought fanatically to defend his body. To avoid losing any more men, the Persians killed the last of the Spartans with flights of arrows

28. Persia was eventually defeated in 479 B. C
Persia was eventually defeated in 479 B.C. but an official treaty would not be signed for 30 more years (449 B.C.)

29. REVIEW Greece was a collection of ? What is a city state?
Athens created the first ________?
Who could vote?
What type of government did Sparta have?
Describe Sparta in one word.
In Sparta was the state #1 or the individual?

30. Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.E. Athens vs. Sparta
Sparta technically wins, but both city-states are so weak that ambitious kings from Macedonia soon conquer cities.
Philip II of Macedon
Alexander the Great