1. Wed 11/7
New grades are posted

2. Objective
Discuss the role of enzymes in metabolic processes such as digestion.

3. In: pg.22 “The sun is the source of all energy on earth”
Explain this statement. 5+(honors) / 3+ complete sentences.
“The sun is the source of all energy on earth”

4. Energy
All of life’s processes require energy to complete. The energy for these life processes is mostly derived from the sun. The radiant energy from the sun is captured by plants and converted to chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis. This chemical energy is now available to other organisms as they eat plants and other autotrophs.

5. pg.23 “Enzymes Make the World Go Round” Text-marking.
Glue in reading as a flip up
Complete Text Marking… this will be your notes on Catalysts & Enzymes!

6. Text Marking Directions
Catalyst & Enzymes Text Marking.
As you read:
Highlight key concepts
Circle important terms
Write in margins- questions/comments/connections as you read. ?????
Do 1-2 of each per paragraph.

7. Example
A catalyst is like magic to a reaction. Reactions need a certain amount of energy to happen. If they don’t have it, oh well the reaction probably can’t happen. A catalyst lowers the amount of energy needed so that the reaction can happen easier.
Why is a catalyst like magic?
ENERGY=REACTION HAPPENS
CATALYST=LESS ENERGY NEEDED

8. Catalysts Speed it Up
A catalyst is like adding a bit of magic to a reaction. Reactions need a certain amount of energy to happen. If they don't have it, oh well, the reaction probably can't happen. A catalyst lowers the amount of energy needed so that a reaction can happen easier. A catalyst is about energy; it doesn't have to be another molecule. If you fill a room with hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, very little will happen. If you light a match in that room (or just a spark), all of the hydrogen and oxygen will combine to create water molecules. It is an explosive reaction. The energy needed to make a reaction happen is called the activation energy. As everything moves around, energy is needed. The energy a reaction needs is usually in the form of heat. When a catalyst is added, something special happens. Maybe a molecule shifts it's structure. Maybe that catalyst makes two molecules combine and they release a ton of energy. That extra energy might help another reaction to occur. In our earlier example, the spark added the activation energy. Catalysts are also used in the human body, not to cause explosions but to make very difficult reactions happen. They help very large molecules combine. There is another interesting fact about catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. With the activation energy lower, the products can also combine more easily. Therefore, the forward and reverse reactions are both accelerated. It helps both reactions.
INHIBITORS SLOW IT DOWN
There is also something called an inhibitor that works exactly the opposite of catalysts. Inhibitors slow the rate of reaction. Sometimes they even stop the reaction completely. You might be asking, "Why would anyone need those?" You could use an inhibitor to make the reaction slower and more controllable. Without them, some reactions could keep going and going and going. If they did, all of the molecules would be used up. That would be bad, especially in your body.

9. ENZYMES MAKE THE WORLD GO 'ROUND
On Chem4Kids, we often talk about reactions and the molecules that change in those reactions. Those changes don't happen on their own. If you leave a blob of protein in a Petri dish, will it just break down to the amino acids? No. What will do it? Enzymes! Enzymes are the biological substance (proteins) that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life.
LOCKS AND KEYS
When you go home at night and the door is locked, can it open itself? Nope. You need a key that is just the right shape to fit in that lock. Otherwise, you're stuck in the cold. Enzymes work in a similar way (locks and keys). Enzymes complete very specific jobs and do nothing else. They are very specific locks and the compounds they work with are the special keys. In the same way there are door keys, car keys, and bike-lock keys, there are enzymes for neural cells, intestinal cells, and your saliva. Here's the deal: there are four steps in the process of an enzyme working. 1. An enzyme and a substrate are in the same area. The substrate is the biological molecule that the enzyme will attack. 2. The enzyme grabs onto the substrate with a special area called the active site The active site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate. The active site is the keyhole of the lock. 3. A process called catalysis happens. Catalysis is when the substrate is changed. It could be broken down or combined with another molecule to make something new. 4. The enzyme lets go. Big idea. When the enzyme lets go, it returns to normal, ready to do another reaction. The substrate is no longer the same. The substrate is now called the product.
CAN YOU STOP THEM?
Good question! We know what you're thinking. What if enzymes just kept going and converted every molecule in the world? They would never stop... like a monster! There are many factors that can regulate enzyme activity, including temperature, activators, pH levels, and inhibitors.

10. Controlling Enzymes
Enzymes sometimes need to be controlled. Other times they are controlled because of poisons and contaminants. So what affects enzyme activity? Temperature: That's a good one. Proteins change shape as temperatures change. Because so much of an enzyme's activity is based on its shape, temperature changes can mess up the process and the enzyme won't work. Activators: Sometimes you need an enzyme to work faster and your body creates an activator. Other times you might eat something that acts as an activator. Activators make enzymes work harder and faster. If you're running in a race and you need more energy, get those enzymes to work! pH Levels: In the same way temperature changes the shape of proteins, the acidity of the environment does the same thing. Remember that the pH is a measure of acidity? An increased acidity near an enzyme can cause its shape to change. The enzyme could unravel and become totally ineffective. Inhibitors: These are the opposite of activators. Inhibitors either slow down or stop the activity of an enzyme. They often bond to the protein, changing the overall shape of the enzyme. Remember, when the shape changes, the enzyme will not work the same way. A nasty example of an inhibitor is snake venom or maybe nerve gas from World War I.

11. Pg.24-25 – Catalysts & Enzymes 3-column Vocab
Activation energy
Inhibititor
Enzymes
Substrate
Active site
Catalysis
Activators
Specificity
Denature

12. Homework
Finish 3 column vocab.

13. Out
Write a 1 paragraph summary(3+ sentences) about the text you just marked.

14. Thur 11/8
Honors – comp lab

15. Objective
Explain how various factors such as temperature and pH effect enzyme function

16. The activation energy of a reaction is the amount of energy needed for the reactants to be turned into products.
An enzyme lowers the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction to happen.

17. In: pg.26 Reactant (substrate) Product Draw the graph. Label
The activation energy
The line that represents the chemical reaction occurring without an enzyme
The line that represents the chemical reaction occurring with an enzyme.

18. Enzyme structure
Active site
Substrates
Enzyme

19. Lock and Key Model
Substrates
Product
Active site
Enzyme
Enzyme

20. Enzymes and chemical reactions
Enzymes provide a “work place” for reactions to occur.

21. How many products are made?
sucrose
glucose + fructose

22. Enzymes are in all living things!!
We also use them in products

24. Pg.27 - Enzyme Animation 1.Why enzymes? Specificity 3.Reusing enzymes
Divide your page into 4 sections. Go to the following website: Enzyme animation
For each of the animations, explain the 3 main concepts demonstrated by the animation.
1.Why enzymes?
3 concepts
Picture
Specificity
3 concepts
Picture
3.Reusing enzymes
3 concepts
Picture
4.Denaturing
3 concepts
Picture

25. Homework
Finish Enzyme Vocab

26. Out What “rule” do you think scientists follow when naming enzymes?
The following are some enzymes commonly found in the human body.
Lipase
Gastric protease
Amylase
Catalase
What “rule” do you think scientists follow when naming enzymes?

27. Fri 11/9
Toothpickase lab

28. Objective
Explain how various factors such as temperature and pH effect enzyme function

29. In: pg.28
Draw the diagram
Label the enzyme, active site and substrates.
Highlight your labels.

30. Pg.29 Toothpickase Activity Tape/Glue in the lab packet here!
Do all the graphs and ?’s.

31. Homework
Finish Toothpickase Questions

32. Out What is the “job” of an enzyme?
What effect does the environment have on an enzymes ability to do this job?

33. Tues 11/13
Enzyme lab
Review
***2 IN question options

34. In: Pg.30
Copy the questions and then read the paragraphs on the next slide, and complete the questions.
What is lactase?
Is the ability to produce lactase more important to the health of infants or adults? Explain.
In addition to tablets and drops containing lactase, lactose-reduced milk is available. Lactase has been added to reduce the lactose content of this milk by 70 to 100 percent.
Explain one advantage that his product has over tablets and drops.

37. In: pg.30 What causes albinism? What are the symptoms of albinism?
Albinism is caused by the lack of the enzyme, , that allows the body to produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment responsible for eye, skin and hair color. Melanin is not produced because of a faulty enzyme, tyrosinase, which catalyzes the formation of the pigment.
What causes albinism?
What are the symptoms of albinism?
Do you think there is a cure for albinism?

39. Pg.31 – Enzyme Lab The Effects of Concentration on Enzyme Activity Lab
Data sheet
Don’t forget the graph on the back.
Write conclusion?

40. Homework
Finish your conclusion for the lab.

41. Out Why does this happen?
As you increase enzyme concentration, eventually the rate of the catalyzed reaction will drop to 0.
Why does this happen?

42. Wed. 11/13 Enzyme Quiz or Test? INB Check #2
Honors – Chp.6 Guided Reading

43. Thur 11/15
Start Photosynthesis & Respiration Chps.