1. Ancient Egypt

2. Geography Egypt is located in the NE corner of Africa
It became an important civilization due to the Nile River
Egypt is known as the “gift of the Nile”

3. Geography
The Nile is a unique river – Begins in eastern central Africa & flows for 4,100 miles northward
The Nile is the longest river in the world!
Every year in July the river flooded REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil.

5. Geographic Features Ancient Egypt – Nile River
Benefits:
Predictable yearly flooding  allowed farming settlements to grow
Worshiped the river as a god b/c of its abundance
The Nile provided a reliable system of transportation between upper and lower Egypt.

6. Geographic Features Ancient Egypt – Deserts on Either Side of Nile River
Benefits:
Shut out invaders
Spared Egypt constant warfare

7. Pharaohs Egyptian kings were called pharaohs
The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs as living gods
Pharaohs were religious leaders as well as leaders of the government and army
Thus, the Egyptian Government was a Theocracy (a government controlled by religious leaders.)

8. Religion Polytheistic – divided into sun gods & land gods
2,000 gods and goddesses
Built huge temples to honor gods
Believed in afterlife

9. Life After Death
The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife of beauty, peace, and contentment.
Since most of their lives were filled with hard work, they looked forward to death as a release from this lifetime.
They believed their souls would need to use their bodies again, so the Egyptians invented a process to embalm their bodies called mummification.
Wealthy could afford better mummification than the poor

10. Steps in Mummification
After the body was washed and covered with scented oils, the liver and kidneys were removed and placed in jars that would be put in the coffin later.
The brains were removed carefully, but the heart was left in the body because they believed it was the mind and would be needed immediately in the next life.
Then the body was wrapped in either linen or rough cotton strips and a sticky tar-like mixture was poured over the cloth strips forming a protective outer covering for the body.
When the mixture hardened, the mummy was placed in a wooden coffin, which was carved and painted to resemble a person.
Then the mummy was laid in its tomb, along with many objects the Egyptians thought it would need for daily use in the next lifetime, such as tools, jewelry, furniture, religious statues, and food.
Egyptian Mummification Process (3:33)

11. Pyramids Egyptians believed that pharaohs ruled even after death.
The resting place for pharaohs after death was a pyramid.
Pyramids demonstrate the leadership, ingenuity and advanced technology needed to support such massive public works projects.

13. Life in Egyptian Society
Pharaoh,
Queen, royal family
(Royal Advisor)
Priests
Wealthy landowners, Government
Officials Traders/Merchants
Ordinary Citizens
Slaves

14. Advancements
Writing System - hieroglyphics (Greek for sacred carving) Used pictures to represent ideas
Developed papyrus, a paper-like substance made from reeds as a writing material.
Developed a calendar to keep track of the time between floods and when to plant.

15. Developed written numbers for recording taxes
Addition & subtraction
Used geometry to survey land after the floods.
Most advanced medicine in the ancient world – could take pulse, set bones, had effective treatments for wounds and fevers and also performed surgery to treat some conditions.