1. North-South problems

2. Using the source at the bottom of the ‘Abolitionist – Growth in the North’ document, identify valuable and limiting features to an historian studying the abolitionist movement …
Value
Limits
Provenance (Origin – who wrote it. Where did it come from etc.,)
Garrison – leading abolitionist
Only highlights one type of abolitionist
The Liberator – limited audience ‘Its circulation was only about 3,000, and three- quarters of subscribers were African-Americans in 1834
Tone
Patriotic at the beginning ‘All men are created equal…’
Emphasis on repent (regret/remorse) ‘thus publicly to ask pardon of my God…’ – wants forgiveness
^^ Emotive
Again, it does not represent other abolitionists
Argument
Informs you about gradual and immediate emancipation.
^ This can highlight that the abolitionist movement was quite splintered … Garrison has even changed his mind himself?
Not all abolitionists would agree with his sentiment.

3. Learning Objectives EXPLAIN EVALUATE IDENTIFY
Key aspects of the election of Pierce and his Presidency
EXPLAIN
Reactions to Pierce’s actions as President
EVALUATE
Decide how successful Pierce was in his expansionist policies

4. Recap!
Fugitive Slave Law
Kahoot!

5. Fugitive Slave Act - Summary
Large political concession given to the south
Parts of the law were distasteful to northern moderates
Abolitionists = do not agree
In most northern states it was enforced without much trouble to keep the union together
It increased sectional tension between the north & south. E.g. liberty laws were created to counter the law
Fugitive Slave Act - Summary

6. True and False activity
Read the true and false cards on your
tables about the 1850 election
and decide as a group which ones
you think are true/false!

7. True
False
The democrats were confident of victory in 1852
Northern and Southern Whigs agreed on choosing a candidate (wrong they were divided – Most northerners wanted Mexican War hero General Scott & Southerners wanted to retain Fillmore).
The Whigs chose general Winfield Scott as their candidate
The Whigs chose Millard Fillmore as their candidate
Pierce won the election with 1,601,274 votes (51 per cent) and carried 27 states
General Scott won the election. Although he was politically inexperienced, he was a man of integrity and ability
Many Irish and German immigrants were now entitled to vote and were expected to vote Democrat
The Whigs could agree on policies and had a solid platform in the election (They could not agree on policies & their platform said virtually nothing)
The Democrats chose Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire as their candidate
Pierce’s slogan was “We ‘Polked’ em in 44, We’ll Pierce ‘em in 52’
The Democrats campaigned on a platform supporting the 1850 Compromise and popular sovereignty

8. 2nd Party System Big Picture: Politics DEMOCRATS WHIGS
Party of the ordinary man
Party of business and wealth
No tariffs
Tariffs to support industry
States Rights
Strong Federal government
National party with votes in the north and the south

9. President Pierce p.57 name roulette
Read p. 57 – Paragraph under president Pierce
Was President Pierce in a strong position in 1853? Why would this be?
Why was the Whig party facing challenges?
How did Pierce intend to maintain the unity of his party?
Why did Southerners hope that the USA would expand into Central America
and or/Cuba?
Stretch and challenge
5) How are Pierce’s policies similar to Polk’s?
He seemed to be in a strong position (would prove himself weak and irresolute later down the line). The Democrats had large majorities in both Houses of Congress (senate = vote + pass on laws called bills & houses of representatives = Members of the house represent laws based on population). Re-election every 2 years).
Seriously divided. Unable to mount much of a challenge and 2 of its best known leaders, Webster and Clay, died in 1852.
By pursuing expansionist policies
Opportunity for slavery to expand

10. Strategy to expand … p. 57-58 The Gadsden Purchase
1) Who was James Gadsden?
2) What did Pierce give Gadsden the authority to negotiate?
3) How much land did Gadsden eventually agree to purchase?
4) Why did Southerners support the acquisition of the territory?
Stretch & Challenge
5) 5) How does this cause tension between the North and the South?
Cuba
1) Define Filibuster
2) What happened in 1851?
3) Who is John Quitman?
4) What main event did John Quitman plan ?
5) How did Pierce react to this? How did northern opinion impact on Pierce?
The Ostend Manifesto
1) What does Pierce authorize Pierre Soule (US minister) to do?
2) How did Pierce lose control of events?
3) What did the Ostend Manifesto state?
4) What would happen if Spain refused to sell?
5) How did the Ostend Manifesto highlight northern/southern tension?
6) How was the Ostend Manifesto a failure?

11. The Gadsden Purchase
1) An American diplomat (an official representing a country abroad) and railroad entrepreneur. In 1853 he was US minister to Mexico
2) The authority to negotiate the purchase of 250,000 square miles of Mexican territory
3) 54,000 miles
4) Not because of slavery potential but because it would assist the building of a southern railway to the Pacific
5) It only gained senate approval after a northern amendment slashed
9000 square miles. Buying land is seen as a pro-southern policy.
North are interfering

12. Cuba 1) A military adventure, aimed at overthrowing a government
2) An American-sponsored filibuster expedition to try and overthrow the
Spanish Cuban government failed miserably
3) Missisippi’s former senator John Quitman
4) John Quitman planned an expedition.
Several thousand American volunteers were recruited and contact was
made with Cuban rebels.
5) Pierce met Quitman in 1853 and unofficially, encourages him to go ahead with his plans. Pierce’s main problem was northern opinion: northerners viewed filibustering as another example of southern efforts to expand slavery. Alarmed by northern reaction, Pierce forced Quitman to scuttle (abandon – essentially not do it) the expedition

13. The Ostend Manifesto
Pierce, still hoping to obtain Cuba, authorized Pierre Soule, the US
minister in Spain, to offer up to $130 mil for the island
2) In October 1854 the US ministers to Britain (Buchanan), France (Mason),
and Spain (soule) met in Belgium and issued the Ostend Manifesto
3) That Cuba is as necessary to the North American Republic as any of its
present members
4) If Spain refused to sell, then the USA would be ‘justified in wresting it from Spain’
5) Details of the manifesto were leaked and immediately denounced
(publicly declare something to be wrong/evil) by northerners.
6) Pierce repudiated (rejected) the Manifesto and Soule resigned.
The unsuccessful expansionist efforts angered northerners who believed
That the South aspired to establish a Latin America slave empire
(many southerners did and kept these hopes throughout the 1850’s)

14. BRAINSTORM – 5 mins on your tables!
How successful was Pierce in his
Expansionist policies?

15. Slave Power Conspiracy
Based on the information on this slide, what do you think the Slave Power Conspiracy was?
Pro-Southern Presidents
James Polk
Franklin Pierce
Fugitive Slave Law
1850 Fugitive Slave Law
New Territory
Texas
Mexican Secession Land
Gadsden Purchase
Cuba

16. Flip Learning -Slave Power Conspiracy
Scan the QR codes on your table
Research Slave Power
conspiracy
Think about …
What was it?
Who believed in this?
How does this fuel
North-south problems?

17. Write a brief definition of what you
Flip Learning:
Write a brief definition of what you
Believe Slave Power Conspiracy is & its
Key components ready for next lesson