1. NGI and Internet2: Accelerating the Creation of Tomorrow’s Internet
NGI and Internet2: Accelerating the Creation of Tomorrow’s Internet
Mary Kratz
Internet2 Health Sciences
Medinfo2001

2. Michael Ackerman, PhD Ted Hanss Steve Corbato, PhD
"Knowledge of what is does not open the door directly to what should be.” – Albert Einstein
Michael Ackerman, PhD
National Library of Medicine,Bethesda,Maryland, USA
Ted Hanss
Internet2 Advanced Applications, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Steve Corbato, PhD
Internet2 Network Services, Ann Arbor,Michigan, USA
2/4/2019

3. People on the Internet Millions of People
This chart shows the rapid rise in the number of people using the Internet. The projected figures are probably conservative.
Source: Nua Internet Surveys
2/4/2019

4. Today’s Internet Doesn’t
Provide reliable end-to-end performance
Encourage cooperation on new capabilities
Allow testing of new technologies
Support development of revolutionary applications
Today’s Internet has serious shortcomings. Some of them are performance or technically related, which limit the kinds of applications and capabilities the Internet can support. Other limitations affect the ability to innovate new capabilities that would address some of the performance and technical limitations.
2/4/2019

5. Tomorrow’s Internet Billions of users and devices
Convergence of today’s applications with multimedia (telephony, video-conference, HDTV)
Interconnect personal computers, servers, and embedded computers
New technologies enable unanticipated applications (and create new challenges)
Tomorrow’s Internet promises even more demands: many more users and even more demanding applications. New capabilities must be developed to realize the potential of tomorrow’s Internet.
2/4/2019

6. Challenges Human computer interaction Usage enhancements
Virtual learning environments
Virtual meetings and seminars
Shared authoring and research collaboration
Usage enhancements
Remote instrumentation is cumbersome
Access between higher edu resources and corporate environments restricted
Distributed large scale computing and database
Data collections and mediation
Metadata harvesting and normalizing
Persistent storage
Vocabulary mediation
2/4/2019

7. Internet2 Mission
Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet.
This is the Internet2 mission.
2/4/2019

8. Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications
Re-create leading edge R&E network capability
Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet
These are the three primary goals of Internet2.
2/4/2019

9. Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative
NGI
University-led
Federal agency-led
Developing education and research driven applications
Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications
Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure
Funding research testbeds and agency research networks
Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative.
Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications
2/4/2019

10. Next Generation Internet (NGI)
Research
Experimentation
Networking Technology
Network Testbeds
Connectivity
University and Government partnership
High Performance capabilities
Applications
Strategic Applications
Leveraging advanced technology
2/4/2019

11. Internet2 Universities 187 Universities as of July 2001
This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus.
2/4/2019

12. Internet2 Backbone Networks
This is an illustration of the (currently) two Internet2 backbone networks, the vBNS developed by MCI Worldcom and the National Science Foundation and Abilene, developed by the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development, Qwest, Cisco and Indiana University.
Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA
2/4/2019

13. 2/4/2019

14. Application Attributes
Interactive research collaboration and instruction
Real-time access to remote resources
Large-scale, multi-site computation and data mining
Shared virtual reality
Any combination of the above
2/4/2019

15. Advanced Applications
Distributed computation
Virtual laboratories
Digital libraries
Distributed learning
Digital video
Tele-immersion
All of the above in combination
Advanced applications com in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet.
Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2.
2/4/2019

16. The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science Workgroup
includes clinical practice,
medical and related biological
research, education, and
medical awareness
in the Public.
Enigma Machine and Bombe
Armed forces have always been dependent on communications. During World War II, the German Army and Navy tried to keep their communications secret by using encryption devices called Enigma machines. These sophisticated coding devices could generate over 1 trillion different coding patterns. The Germans believed they were too sophisticated for Allied forces to break them. But in one of the best-kept secrets of the war, first the Poles, and later the British and Americans succeeded in deciphering messages. The wooden device in the foreground is a 4 rotor German Enigma machine, used for encoding. The large machine in the background is a "Bombe," used for breaking the code. Working out the details of codebreaking machines was one of the developments that fostered electronic computers.
Smithsonian Photo by Laurie Minor-Penland.

17. Roadmap Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet
National Research Council Report
Current and future Internet
Released 24 February 2000
National Academy Press
ISBN
2/4/2019

18. Health Science Working Groups
Middleware
Security – HIPAA Guidelines
Distance Medical Education
(Veterinary Medical)
VHP Collaboratory
Open Source
Electronic Health Record Collaboratory
Clinical Trials
Access Grid for Health Sciences
Virtual Tumor Board
2/4/2019

19. National Library of Medicine
Digital Video: NLM Collaborative Videoconferencing by the National Library of Medicine
Broadcast TV quality videoconferencing
Both live distribution and on-demand access to a variety of content
HDTV-based digital cinema, network-based studio production, …
Based on
H.323 standard
National Library of Medicine
2/4/2019

20. Remote Scanning Electron Microscope By the University of Michigan
Philips XL30
2/4/2019

21. Teleimmersion University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Illinois-NCSA
Old Dominion University

22. The CAVE
2/4/2019

23. Immersadesk
2/4/2019

24. Virtual Pelvic Floor
Funded by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health NO1-LM
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago
College of Health and Human Development Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
2/4/2019

25. Virtual Pelvic Floor
Funded by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health NO1-LM
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago
College of Health and Human Development Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
2/4/2019

26. Virtual Temporal Bone Dept. of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,
Funded by National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health NO1-LM
Dept. of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,
College of Health and Human Development Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
2/4/2019

27. Telecubicle
Advanced Network & Services, Brown University, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania
2/4/2019

28. The BIG Picture  
2/4/2019

29. Challenges to Health Sciences
"The medical research revolution is happening! 
90% of data collected today will never be seen by a human eye. 
This is everyone's problem.
We must manage a growing amount of data to secure knowledge for the future." - Michael Marron, NIH
2/4/2019

30. Unanticipated Innovation
Lesson of the Web
Network growth and value are non-linear
New technologies enable qualitatively different uses
Users become innovators
2/4/2019

31. Visible Human Project Application
2/4/2019

32. More Information On the Web Email www.internet2.edu www.nlm.nih.gov
For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact directly by .
2/4/2019