1. So, What Did We Cover This Quarter?
Oxtoby, Freeman, and Block: CHEMISTRY: Science of Change
Atomic Nature of Matter
Stoichiometry
Chemical Periodicity
Types of Chemical Reactions
The Gaseous State
Condensed Phases and Phase Transitions
Chemical Equilibria

2. The Atomic Nature of Matter
Element
Compound
Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Dalton’s atomic theory of matter
Law of Combining Proportions; Avogadro’s hypothesis
Electron, Proton, Neutron, Isotope, Mass Spectrometer
Rutherford scattering
Mole concept
Empirical Formula, Molecular Formula

3. Stoichiometry Balanced Chemical Equation Limiting Reactants
Theoretical yield
Percentage yield
Molarity
Mass Scale Based on 12C = …
Molecular Weight versus Weight of an Isotope

4. Chemical Periodicity Periodic Table Groups
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earths, Halogens, Noble Gases
Periods
Electronegativity
Salts
Covalent Compounds
Lone Pairs
Formal Charge
Lewis Dot Structures; resonance structures
VSEPR Theory

5. Types of Chemical Reactions
Dissolution
Precipitation; Solubility Rules
Acids, Bases, Neutralization; Titration
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidation Number
Strong and Weak Electrolytes
Anhydrides
Disproportionation

6. The Gaseous State Boyle’s Law; Charles’s Law; Ideal Gas Law
Partial Pressures
Absolute Temperature Scale and Gas Thermometry
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Average Kinetic Energy and Relation to Temperature
Mean Free Path
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of Speeds
Average Speed, Most Probable Speed, Root Mean Square Speed
Real Gases; van der Waals Equation of State

7. Condensed Phases and Phase Transitions
Intramolecular Forces: Dipole-Dipole, Ion-Dipole, Dispersion Forces, Hydrogen Bonding
Phase Equilibria
Phase Diagrams
Raoult’s Law
Lowering of Vapor Pressure; Raising of Boiling Point; Lowering of Freezing Point
Henry’s Law
Distillation

8. Chemical Equilibria
Equilibrium Constant K ; Dynamic Process; Balance of Forward and Backward Rates of Reaction
K depends on balanced equation, state of reactants and products, temperature, standard states used
Reaction Quotient
Meaning of Large K, K near unity, and Small K
Le Chatelier’s Principle for responding to disturbance of equilibria
Partition Coefficient

9. It has been a pleasure and a privilege to have you as a class!
GOOD LUCK ON THE FINAL!!!