1. Minerals vs. Rocks
Minerals - inorganic solid material that rocks are made of
Characteristics used to identify minerals: Hardness, Luster, Streak
Rock - solid, inorganic material made of one or more minerals
Types of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

2. Igneous Rock “Fire Rock”
Formation: rock made when lava or magma cools and hardens
Types of Igneous Rocks: Extrusive and Intrusive
Extrusive igneous rock - igneous rock formed above ground, no or small crystals form
Examples: Pumice, Obsidian
Intrusive igneous rock - igneous rock formed underground, large crystals form
Examples: Granite, Gabbro
Analogy: An igneous rock is like a Jolly Rancher because…

3. Sedimentary Rock
Formation: made from sediments, pieces of broken rock and minerals, deposited in layers
Types of Sedimentary Rocks: Detrital, Organic and Chemical
Examples: Coal , Sandstone, Conglomerate, Shale
Analogy : A sedimentary rock is like a layered cookie bar because…

4. Metamorphic Rock
Formation: formed when igneous or sedimentary rock is changed by heat and pressure
Types of Igneous Rocks: Foliated and Nonfoliated
foliated rock- metamorphic rock with visible layers of minerals
Examples: Slate (Shale becomes Slate), Gneiss (Granite becomes Gneiss)
nonfoliated rock- metamorphic rock without visible layers of minerals
Examples: Marble (Limestone becomes Marble)
Analogy: A metamorphic rock is like pot roast left overs that turn into stew because…